Khin Yu Par, Nawa Nobutoshi, Yamaoka Yui, Owusu Floret Maame, Abe Aya, Fujiwara Takeo
Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2025 Jan-Dec;67(1):e15851. doi: 10.1111/ped.15851.
The number of children with foreign parents is increasing in Japan; however, the percentage of these children receiving the recommended annual influenza vaccination, which must be paid for voluntarily, may be quite low. Socioeconomic status may influence voluntary vaccination decisions. This study explored the association between elementary and middle school children with mixed (either of the parents was non-Japanese) /foreign parents (both parents were non-Japanese) and influenza vaccination in Japan, stratified by household income and maternal education.
We used combined data from eight cities in the Greater Tokyo area for the period from 2016 to 2019, which included 16,368 elementary and middle school students and their caregivers. Caregivers responded to questions about whether their children received influenza vaccination in the previous year and their foreign-born status. Multilevel Poisson regression was applied and further stratified by income status and maternal education.
Three hundred ninety-one children (2.4%) had mixed parents, and 91 (0.6%) had foreign parents. When compared with Japanese children, children with mixed (incidence risk ratio, IRR: 0.80, confidence Interval, CI: 0.71, 0.90) and foreign parents (IRR: 0.70, CI: 0.56, 0.88) were less likely to receive influenza vaccination. After stratification, children with mixed/foreign parents were less likely to receive influenza vaccination than Japanese children only in households with high income and maternal education.
Children with mixed and foreign parents, especially in households with high socioeconomic status, had lower influenza vaccine coverage than Japanese children.
在日本，有外国籍父母的儿童数量正在增加；然而，这些儿童自愿自费接种推荐的年度流感疫苗的比例可能相当低。社会经济地位可能会影响自愿接种疫苗的决定。本研究探讨了日本小学和初中阶段父母一方为非日本籍（混合家庭）/父母双方均为非日本籍（外籍家庭）的儿童与流感疫苗接种之间的关联，并按家庭收入和母亲教育程度进行分层。
我们使用了2016年至2019年东京大都市区八个城市的综合数据，其中包括16368名中小学生及其照顾者。照顾者回答了关于他们的孩子上一年是否接种流感疫苗以及他们的外国出生身份的问题。应用多水平泊松回归，并进一步按收入状况和母亲教育程度进行分层。
391名儿童（2.4%）有一方为外国籍父母，91名（0.6%）有双方均为外国籍父母。与日本儿童相比，一方为外国籍（发病风险比，IRR：0.80，置信区间，CI：0.71，0.90）和双方均为外国籍（IRR：0.70，CI：0.56，0.88）的儿童接种流感疫苗的可能性较小。分层后，只有在高收入和母亲受教育程度高的家庭中，一方或双方为外国籍父母的儿童接种流感疫苗的可能性才比日本儿童小。
一方或双方为外国籍父母的儿童，尤其是社会经济地位高的家庭中的儿童，流感疫苗接种率低于日本儿童。
