Rehena Jinnat, Harun Anas Bin, Karim Md Robiul
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
Vet Parasitol. 2025 Feb;334:110382. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110382. Epub 2024 Dec 25.
Blastocystis is a ubiquitous gastrointestinal protozoan parasite found both in humans and animals. The purpose of this review is to look at the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in farm animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry, and discuss the potential evidence of transmission between animals and humans, as well as highlight the related risk factors and public health significance. Significant differences have been found in the prevalence of Blastocystis in different hosts worldwide. The global prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 13.6 % in cattle (1219/8961), 15.9 % in sheep (675/4233), 31.7 % in goats (837/2640), 44.57 % in pigs (2589/5808), and 26.29 % in poultry (892/3392). Blastocystis is mainly transmitted through fecal-oral routes. The existence of the same subtypes of the parasite in both animals and humans indicates potential zoonotic transmission. Subtypes ST10 (43.39 %) and ST14 (19.99 %) were most frequently found in cattle, sheep, and goats, while ST5 (62.57 %) was predominantly observed in pigs, and ST6 (16 %) and ST7 (36.6 %) were commonly recorded in poultry. Analysis of risk factors suggests that age, sex, close contact with animals, geographical location, farm management system, and season were the significant risk factors reported in many studies. Although epidemiology and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in different hosts have been described in several studies, understanding the possible transmission pathway from farm animals to humans and the public health impacts of Blastocystis requires more extensive studies.
芽囊原虫是一种在人类和动物中均有发现的普遍存在的胃肠道原生动物寄生虫。本综述的目的是研究包括牛、羊、山羊、猪和家禽在内的农场动物中芽囊原虫的流行情况和遗传多样性，讨论动物与人类之间传播的潜在证据，并强调相关风险因素和公共卫生意义。全球范围内，不同宿主中芽囊原虫的流行情况存在显著差异。芽囊原虫感染的全球流行率在牛中为13.6%（1219/8961），在羊中为15.9%（675/4233），在山羊中为31.7%（837/2640），在猪中为44.57%（2589/5808），在家禽中为26.29%（892/3392）。芽囊原虫主要通过粪口途径传播。动物和人类中存在相同亚型的寄生虫表明存在潜在的人畜共患病传播。亚型ST10（43.39%）和ST14（19.99%）在牛、羊和山羊中最常被发现，而ST5（62.57%）主要在猪中观察到，ST6（16%）和ST7（36.6%）在家禽中常见。风险因素分析表明，年龄、性别、与动物密切接触、地理位置、农场管理系统和季节是许多研究中报道的重要风险因素。尽管多项研究描述了芽囊原虫在不同宿主中的流行病学和亚型分布，但了解从农场动物到人类的可能传播途径以及芽囊原虫对公共卫生的影响需要更广泛的研究。
