Rao Neel, Boltz Adrian J, Anderson Megan, Collins Christy L, Chandran Avinash
Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2025 Jan;53(1):192-201. doi: 10.1177/03635465241292759.
Regular epidemiological investigations are needed to investigate factors associated with low back injuries (LBIs) in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports and to inform injury prevention and rehabilitation.
To describe the epidemiology of LBIs in NCAA sports.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Exposure and LBI data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009-10 through 2018-19 academic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were described by sport, sex, event type (competition, practice), season segment, time loss (>1 day), history (recurrent, new), chronicity, injury mechanism, diagnosis, and activity. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) were used to evaluate differential injury rates, and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to assess differential injury distributions. Effect estimates (IRRs, IPRs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were deemed statistically significant.
During the study period, 2629 LBIs from 12,213,285 athlete-exposures (AEs) were reported to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (2.15 LBIs per 10,000 AEs). Rates were highest in women's gymnastics (5.39 per 10,000 AEs), men's tennis (3.39 per 10,000 AEs), and women's volleyball (3.38 per 10,000 AEs). Among sex-comparable sports, rates were higher in men's (compared with women's) basketball and cross country. Competition injury rates were >2 times as high as practice rates in men's sports; no difference was found in injury rates by event type in women's sports. Chronic LBIs were more prevalent in women's sports (compared with men's) (IPR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.29-1.76), as were recurrent injuries (IPR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05-1.46).
Overall, LBI rates were similar in men's sports and women's sports; injuries were most often attributed to noncontact and overuse. LBI rates across event type varied by sport, with notable differences in women's sports. Future research into LBI risk factors and prevention programs that emphasize proper technique, training, and recovery, especially in practice settings, could be beneficial to reducing the burden of lumbar spine injuries in NCAA athletes.
需要定期进行流行病学调查，以研究与美国国家大学生体育协会（NCAA）运动中腰背部损伤（LBI）相关的因素，并为损伤预防和康复提供信息。
描述NCAA运动中LBI的流行病学情况。
描述性流行病学研究。
分析了在2009 - 10学年至2018 - 19学年期间NCAA损伤监测项目中收集的暴露和LBI数据。按运动项目、性别、赛事类型（比赛、训练）、赛季阶段、失能时间（>1天）、病史（复发性、新发）、慢性程度、损伤机制、诊断和活动情况描述损伤计数、发生率和比例。使用损伤发生率比（IRR）评估不同的损伤发生率，使用损伤比例比（IPR）评估不同的损伤分布情况。95%置信区间不包括1.0的效应估计值（IRR、IPR）被认为具有统计学意义。
在研究期间，NCAA损伤监测项目共报告了来自12213285次运动员暴露（AE）的2629例LBI（每10000次AE中有2.15例LBI）。发生率在女子体操（每10000次AE中有5.39例）、男子网球（每10000次AE中有3.39例）和女子排球（每10000次AE中有3.38例）中最高。在性别可比的运动项目中，男子篮球和越野跑的发生率高于女子。男子运动中比赛损伤发生率是训练发生率的2倍多；女子运动中按赛事类型划分的损伤发生率没有差异。慢性LBI在女子运动中比男子运动更普遍（IPR = 1.51；95% CI，1.29 - 1.76），复发性损伤也是如此（IPR = 1.24；95% CI，1.05 - 1.46）。
总体而言，男子运动和女子运动中的LBI发生率相似；损伤最常归因于非接触性和过度使用。不同运动项目的LBI发生率因赛事类型而异，女子运动中有显著差异。未来对LBI危险因素和预防项目的研究，特别是强调正确技术、训练和恢复的研究，尤其是在训练环境中，可能有助于减轻NCAA运动员腰椎损伤的负担。
