Lansford Jennifer E, Kerry Nicholas, Al-Hassan Suha M, Bacchini Dario, Bornstein Marc H, Chang Lei, Deater-Deckard Kirby, Giunta Laura Di, Dodge Kenneth A, Gurdal Sevtap, Junla Daranee, Oburu Paul, Pastorelli Concetta, Rothenberg W Andrew, Skinner Ann T, Sorbring Emma, Steinberg Laurence, Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria, Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean, Alampay Liane P
Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Hum Dev. 2024 Oct;68(4):149-158. doi: 10.1159/000534964. Epub 2023 Nov 2.
Primal world beliefs ("primals") capture individuals' basic understanding of what sort of world this is. How do children develop beliefs about the nature of the world? Is the world a good place? Safe or dangerous? Enticing or dull? Primals were initially introduced in social and personality psychology to understand beliefs about the world as a whole that may influence well-being and personality. This article introduces the concept of primals to developmental scientists and reviews preliminary research examining how primals relate to sociodemographic and well-being indicators. The article then situates the concept of primals in some classic developmental theories to illustrate testable hypotheses these theories suggest regarding how primals develop. Understanding how individuals develop basic beliefs about the nature of the world deepens insights into the human experience, including how malleable these beliefs might be and how they may be influenced by, and in turn influence, other domains of development.
原始世界观（“原始观念”）反映了个体对这个世界本质的基本理解。儿童是如何形成关于世界本质的观念的？世界是个美好的地方吗？安全还是危险？诱人还是无趣？原始观念最初是在社会和人格心理学中被引入的，用于理解关于整个世界的观念，这些观念可能会影响幸福感和人格。本文将原始观念的概念介绍给发展科学家，并回顾了初步研究，探讨原始观念与社会人口统计学指标和幸福感指标之间的关系。然后，本文将原始观念的概念置于一些经典的发展理论中，以说明这些理论所提出的关于原始观念如何发展的可检验假设。了解个体如何形成关于世界本质的基本观念，能加深我们对人类体验的理解，包括这些观念的可塑性如何，以及它们如何受到其他发展领域的影响，又如何反过来影响其他发展领域。
