Joompa Pattamaporn, Sukboon Pornpan, Schultink Werner, Zimmermann Michael B, Gowachirapant Sueppong
Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.
Iodine Global Network, Orleans, ON, Canada.
Br J Nutr. 2025 Jan 2;133(3):1-6. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524003325.
Indigenous peoples are often not routinely included in iodine programmes because of language barriers and remote access and may thus be at higher risk of iodine deficiency disorders, which could adversely impact their quality of life. We conducted this cross-sectional study in the remote Pwo Karen community of Thailand to determine the urinary iodine concentration of school-aged children and women of reproductive age and investigate the iodine content in household salt. We measured urinary iodine concentration in spot urine samples from healthy school-aged children and women of reproductive age, administered a questionnaire, estimated daily iodine intake and collected household salt samples to determine salt iodine concentration. The median urinary iodine concentration (range) of school-aged children ( 170) was 192 (136-263) µg/l, which was significantly higher than women of reproductive age ( 306) (147 (89-233) µg/l) ( < 0·001). The estimated daily iodine intake in school-aged children and women of reproductive age were 135 and 195 μg/d, respectively. The median (range) iodine concentration in rock and granulated salts consumed in the households were 2·32 (0·52-3·19) and 26·64 (20·86-31·01) ppm, respectively. Surprisingly, the use of iodised salt and the frequency of seafood consumption were NS predictors of urinary iodine concentration in these two groups. Our data suggest that school children and women of the Pwo Karen community have sufficient iodine intake, indicating the Thai salt iodisation programme is effectively reaching even this isolated Indigenous community. Sentinel surveys of remote vulnerable populations can be a useful tool in national iodine programmes to ensure that programme coverage is truly universal.
由于语言障碍和地处偏远，土著民族通常未被纳入常规碘项目，因此他们患碘缺乏症的风险可能更高，这可能会对他们的生活质量产生不利影响。我们在泰国偏远的克伦族普沃社区开展了这项横断面研究，以确定学龄儿童和育龄妇女的尿碘浓度，并调查家庭食盐中的碘含量。我们测量了健康学龄儿童和育龄妇女随机尿样中的尿碘浓度，发放了问卷，估算了每日碘摄入量，并采集了家庭食盐样本以测定盐碘浓度。学龄儿童（n = 170）的尿碘浓度中位数（范围）为192（136 - 263）μg/l，显著高于育龄妇女（n = 306）（147（89 - 233）μg/l）（P < 0·001）。学龄儿童和育龄妇女的每日碘摄入量估计分别为135和195 μg/d。家庭食用的岩盐和颗粒盐中的碘浓度中位数（范围）分别为2·32（0·52 - 3·19）和26·64（20·86 - 31·01）ppm。令人惊讶的是，碘盐使用情况和海鲜消费频率并非这两组人群尿碘浓度的显著预测因素。我们的数据表明，克伦族普沃社区的学龄儿童和育龄妇女碘摄入量充足，这表明泰国的食盐碘化项目即使在这个与世隔绝的土著社区也有效覆盖。对偏远弱势群体进行哨点调查可成为国家碘项目中的有用工具，以确保项目覆盖范围真正普及。
