Riley Beth B, Corbishley Alexander, Haskell Marie J, Duthie Carol-Anne, Macrae Alastair I, Burrough Elizabeth, Mason Colin
Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Clinical Sciences, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 18;11:1483890. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1483890. eCollection 2024.
Neonatal calf diarrhea is a frequent disease of calves and may result in dehydration and metabolic acidosis. The disease causes mortality and reduces growth and future productivity. Early identification of disease improves calf outcomes and thus there is increasing interest in technological methods for detecting disease. Dehydration leads to the blood becoming more concentrated and this can be measured using serum osmolality. Research in humans has shown that saliva conductivity is correlated with serum osmolality. Saliva conductivity may therefore offer a non-invasive opportunity to assess hydration status in calves. Furthermore, as blood pH is a prognostic indicator and there is ion exchange in the salivary ducts, saliva pH may act as an indicator of metabolic acidosis. This observational study aimed to assess the relationship of saliva conductivity and pH with the clinical and biochemical parameters of calves suffering from neonatal calf diarrhea. One hundred and forty-one dairy-bred calves were recruited onto the study at approximately 1 week of age. The health of the calves was assessed daily. Calves had blood and saliva samples taken weekly until 25 days of age or the development of neonatal calf diarrhea. When calves developed diarrhea, they were sampled for three consecutive days. Hematocrit, plasma total protein, saliva pH and saliva conductivity were measured at each sampling. Saliva pH and saliva conductivity were measured using portable meters ( and ). In a subset of 30 matched samples, serum proteins and electrolytes were also measured. Saliva conductivity was not associated with diarrhea or dehydration. Saliva pH was lower in calves with diarrhea, regardless of hydration status. The Lin's concordance correlation coefficients between saliva variables and hematocrit and strong ion difference were negligible. Dehydrated calves with diarrhea had a higher hematocrit and albumin and the lowest sodium and SID. Calves with diarrhea and no dehydration had a lower plasma total protein. While saliva conductivity has been associated with measures of dehydration in humans, this does not appear to be the case in calves. Saliva pH has not previously been considered for disease detection; however as it is associated with diarrhea, further research is warranted.
新生犊牛腹泻是犊牛的一种常见疾病，可能导致脱水和代谢性酸中毒。该疾病会导致犊牛死亡，并降低其生长速度和未来的生产性能。早期识别疾病可改善犊牛的预后，因此人们对检测疾病的技术方法越来越感兴趣。脱水会导致血液变得更加浓缩，这可以通过血清渗透压来测量。对人类的研究表明，唾液电导率与血清渗透压相关。因此，唾液电导率可能为评估犊牛的水合状态提供一种非侵入性的方法。此外，由于血液pH值是一个预后指标，且唾液腺导管中存在离子交换，唾液pH值可能作为代谢性酸中毒的一个指标。这项观察性研究旨在评估唾液电导率和pH值与患有新生犊牛腹泻的犊牛的临床和生化参数之间的关系。141头奶牛养殖的犊牛在大约1周龄时被纳入该研究。每天评估犊牛的健康状况。在犊牛25日龄或出现新生犊牛腹泻之前，每周采集血液和唾液样本。当犊牛出现腹泻时，连续三天对其进行采样。每次采样时测量血细胞比容、血浆总蛋白、唾液pH值和唾液电导率。使用便携式仪表测量唾液pH值和唾液电导率（和）。在30个匹配样本的子集中，还测量了血清蛋白和电解质。唾液电导率与腹泻或脱水无关。无论水合状态如何，腹泻犊牛的唾液pH值较低。唾液变量与血细胞比容和强离子差之间的林氏一致性相关系数可以忽略不计。腹泻脱水的犊牛血细胞比容和白蛋白较高，而钠和SID最低。腹泻但未脱水的犊牛血浆总蛋白较低。虽然唾液电导率与人类脱水的测量有关，但在犊牛中似乎并非如此。唾液pH值以前未被考虑用于疾病检测；然而，由于它与腹泻有关，因此有必要进行进一步研究。
