Sánchez J, Fuentes N, Ibañez-López F J, López-García I, Gutiérrez A M
BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Cefu S.A., 30840, Alhama de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Animal. 2021 Dec;15(12):100413. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100413. Epub 2021 Nov 27.
This study evaluates if biomarkers of porcine health status in saliva samples is a mere reflection of serum to detect disease in pigs under field conditions. Four farms from the same commercial company were included to obtain samples from animals with different pathological conditions. A total of 10 healthy animals and 10-15 animals from each farm with clinical symptoms of the disease were sampled for paired saliva and blood during a veterinary clinical visit. The biomarker panel included acute-phase proteins (APPs), C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), an inflammatory marker, adenosine deaminase (ADA), the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the levels of essential trace elements, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and the measurement of the total protein content (TP). After detailed statistical analysis, the results showed that saliva could replace serum for APP measurements since a good agreement has been observed between the concentrations of APPs in both body fluids. For any other biomarker, no agreement between the concentrations quantified in serum and saliva samples was observed visually. However, salivary ADA and TP concentrations were statistically significantly higher in the diseased, whereas the statistical tests with serum concentrations were inconclusive. Furthermore, greater differentiation between healthy and diseased animals could be observed when the distribution of biomarkers was analysed in saliva than in other serum samples. The diagnostic power to discriminate between healthy and diseased pigs is similar in saliva and in serum samples. Preliminary regression models may offer an optimal combination of biomarkers for disease detection in saliva (Hp, CRP, and TAC) and serum (Hp, CRP, and Cu), which demands less labour, sample, and financial cost for saliva determinations. The contradictory results observed for TAC, Cu, and Zn levels between body fluids indicate a need for further studies. To sum up, saliva-based biomarkers instead of serum-based biomarkers could contribute to more efficient detection of diseased animals.
本研究评估了在田间条件下，唾液样本中猪健康状况的生物标志物是否仅仅是血清的反映，以用于检测猪的疾病。来自同一商业公司的四个农场被纳入研究，以获取来自不同病理状况动物的样本。在兽医临床检查期间，从每个农场选取10只健康动物以及10 - 15只出现疾病临床症状的动物，采集配对的唾液和血液样本。生物标志物组包括急性期蛋白（APPs）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、触珠蛋白（Hp）、一种炎症标志物、腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、总抗氧化能力（TAC）、必需微量元素铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）的水平，以及总蛋白含量（TP）的测定。经过详细的统计分析，结果表明唾液可以替代血清进行APP测量，因为在两种体液中APPs的浓度之间观察到了良好的一致性。对于任何其他生物标志物，在血清和唾液样本中定量的浓度之间在视觉上未观察到一致性。然而，患病动物唾液中的ADA和TP浓度在统计学上显著更高，而血清浓度的统计检验结果尚无定论。此外，与其他血清样本相比，在唾液中分析生物标志物的分布时，可以观察到健康动物和患病动物之间有更大的差异。唾液和血清样本在区分健康猪和患病猪方面的诊断能力相似。初步回归模型可能为唾液（Hp、CRP和TAC）和血清（Hp、CRP和Cu）中的疾病检测提供生物标志物的最佳组合，唾液检测所需的劳动力、样本和财务成本更低。在两种体液之间观察到的TAC、Cu和Zn水平的矛盾结果表明需要进一步研究。总之，基于唾液的生物标志物而非基于血清的生物标志物可能有助于更有效地检测患病动物。
