Kennedy R E
Ophthalmology. 1979 May;86(5):967-73. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35462-8.
Indications for the mutilating operation of exenteration are enumerated. They usually involve a malignant neoplasm of the orbital contents, primary, direct extension, or adnexal tissue that cannot be controlled by simple excision or irradiation. Surgically, subtotal exenteration with partial preservation of lids and even conjunctiva may be achieved occasionally. However, total exenteration may be lifesaving. Techniques and precautions are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of skin grafting that influence the postoperative care are noted.
列举了眼眶内容剜除这一致残性手术的适应证。它们通常涉及眼眶内容物的恶性肿瘤，可为原发性、直接蔓延，或附属组织的肿瘤，无法通过单纯切除或放疗控制。手术方面，偶尔可实现部分保留眼睑甚至结膜的次全剜除。然而，全剜除可能挽救生命。讨论了手术技术及注意事项。指出了影响术后护理的植皮的优缺点。
