人类和小鼠端脑抑制性神经元发育的比较研究

A comparative view of human and mouse telencephalon inhibitory neuron development.

作者信息

Chung Changuk, Girgiss Joseph, Gleeson Joseph G

机构信息

Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.

出版信息

Development. 2025 Jan 1;152(1). doi: 10.1242/dev.204306. Epub 2025 Jan 2.

Abstract

Human GABAergic inhibitory neurons (INs) in the telencephalon play crucial roles in modulating neural circuits, generating cortical oscillations, and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition. The major IN subtypes are based on their gene expression profiles, morphological diversity and circuit-specific functions. Although previous foundational work has established that INs originate in the ganglionic eminence regions in mice, recent studies have questioned origins in humans and non-human primates. We review the origins of INs in mice and compare with recent findings from primary human prenatal brain tissue culture experiments and lineage analysis from somatic variants in neurotypical human cadavers and human brain organoids. Together, these studies suggest potential primate- or human-specific processes that may have been overlooked in mouse models and could have implications for brain disorders.

摘要

端脑内的人类γ-氨基丁酸能抑制性神经元(INs)在调节神经回路、产生皮层振荡以及维持兴奋与抑制平衡方面发挥着关键作用。主要的IN亚型是基于它们的基因表达谱、形态多样性和特定回路功能来划分的。尽管先前的基础研究已确定小鼠的INs起源于神经节隆起区域,但最近的研究对人类和非人类灵长类动物的起源提出了质疑。我们回顾了小鼠中INs的起源,并与人类产前脑组织原代培养实验以及来自神经典型人类尸体和人脑类器官体细胞变体的谱系分析的最新发现进行了比较。综合这些研究表明,在小鼠模型中可能被忽视的潜在灵长类或人类特有的过程,这可能对脑部疾病有影响。

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