Pan Deng, Hu Ge, Li Jiayue, Wang Zixu, Chen Yaoxing, Cao Jing
Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Huilongguan, Beijing, China.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Jan 2;66(1):3. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.1.3.
Because chickens have excellent light perception properties, this study focused on investigating whether monochromatic light can cause photodamage in chicken retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).
Post-hatching day chickens were exposed to four different light-emitting diode light environments for five weeks, respectively, monochromatic blue light (480 nm), green light (560 nm), red light (660 nm), or white light (6000 K). The mechanisms through which monochromatic light influences the structure of the chicken retina were analyzed by detecting the morphological structure of the retina, gene and protein expression levels, and the ultrastructure of the optic nerve.
Blue light exposure for five weeks significantly impacted the thickness of the inner reticular layer, retinal synaptic function, and the number of RGCs in the chicken retina. Moreover, neurodegenerative disease characteristics, such as a reduction in the number of dendritic branches and the presence of myelin lesions, have also been observed in RGCs. The activation of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase-mediated unfolded protein response, along with the abnormal degradation of the autophagy substrate P62, accompanies these retinal pathological processes. Additionally, our findings indicate that the photosensitivity of OPN4 is linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress in RGCs, which may elucidate why chicken RGCs experience damage exclusively under blue light exposure.
Blue light can damage the chicken retina through endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, especially in RGCs. Our study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying retinal photodamage and emphasizes the risk of retinal damage in low-illuminance blue light environments.
由于鸡具有出色的光感知特性，本研究聚焦于探究单色光是否会对鸡视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）造成光损伤。
将刚孵出的雏鸡分别置于四种不同的发光二极管光照环境中五周，即单色蓝光（480纳米）、绿光（560纳米）、红光（660纳米）或白光（6000K）。通过检测视网膜的形态结构、基因和蛋白质表达水平以及视神经的超微结构，分析单色光影响鸡视网膜结构的机制。
五周的蓝光照射显著影响了鸡视网膜内网状层的厚度、视网膜突触功能以及RGCs的数量。此外，在RGCs中还观察到了神经退行性疾病特征，如树突分支数量减少和髓鞘损伤的存在。这些视网膜病理过程伴随着蛋白激酶RNA样内质网激酶介导的未折叠蛋白反应的激活以及自噬底物P62的异常降解。此外，我们的研究结果表明，OPN4的光敏性与RGCs中的内质网应激有关，这可能解释了为什么鸡RGCs仅在蓝光照射下会受到损伤。
蓝光可通过内质网应激和自噬损伤鸡视网膜，尤其是RGCs。我们的研究增进了对视网膜光损伤潜在机制的理解，并强调了低照度蓝光环境中视网膜损伤的风险。
