Jia N, Zhang M B, Xu Q, Zhang H D, Ling R J, Liu Y M, Wang Z, Li G, Yin Y, Shao H, Li J, Zhang H D, Qiu B, Wang D Y, Zeng Q, Wang R G, Ye Y, Xiao B, Zou H, Chen J C, Li D X, Liu Y Q, Shi Q H, Liu J X, Jiang E F, Qi J, Mei L Y, Zhao X F, Yang M M, Guo X W, Sun X, Wang Z X
Laboratory of Occupational Protection and Ergonomics, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2024 Dec 20;42(12):896-910. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20240904-00414.
To explore the occupational contact characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among key occupational groups in China, assess the impact of occupational factors on the occurrence of WMSDs, and propose corresponding preventive strategies. Between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey method was employed to retrospectively investigate the occurrence of WMSDs and related occupational factors. Valid questionnaire data from 88609 on-the-job workers in 441 enterprises across 29 industries or job types in seven regions of China were collected, and the relationship between WMSDs and various occupational factors was discussed using multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios () and their 95% confidence intervals () were calculated to assess the impact of different factors on the risk of WMSDs occurrence, with all statistical tests performed as two-tailed tests, using <0.05 as the criterion for statistical significance. Among the surveyed subjects, 59989 were male, accounting for 67.7% (59989/88609) ; 28620 women, accounting for 32.3% (28620/88609). The standardized incidence rate of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in 9 parts of the body was statistically significant (<0.05) among different working age groups without considering specific parts. The average length of service for onset of WMSDs (regardless of location) is (4.52±2.67) years, and there is a statistically significant difference in the length of service for onset of WMSDs in different locations (<0.05). As the frequency of heavy object handling increases, the standardization rate and OR value of WMSDs in various parts show a significant increase trend. The incidence of WMSDs is significantly correlated with maintaining poor work posture for a long time, frequent repetitive operations, and heavy object handling (=1.52, 1.45, 1.63, <0.01) . This study reveals that the risk of WMSDs in China's occupational population shows a non-linear change with increasing length of service, especially with a significant increase in 10 to 25 years of service. Poor work posture, frequent repetitive operations, and heavy object handling are significantly correlated with WMSDs, providing a scientific basis for developing more accurate and effective prevention strategies for WMSDs.
为探讨我国重点职业人群中与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）的职业接触特征，评估职业因素对WMSDs发生的影响，并提出相应的预防策略。2018年1月1日至2023年12月31日，采用横断面流行病学调查方法，回顾性调查WMSDs的发生情况及相关职业因素。收集了中国七个地区29个行业或工种的441家企业中88609名在职员工的有效问卷数据，并采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨WMSDs与各种职业因素之间的关系。计算比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（CI），以评估不同因素对WMSDs发生风险的影响，所有统计检验均采用双侧检验，以P<0.05作为统计学显著性标准。在被调查对象中，男性59989人，占67.7%（59989/88609）；女性28620人，占32.3%（28620/88609）。在不考虑具体部位的情况下，不同工作年龄组中身体9个部位的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）标准化发病率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。WMSDs发病（不考虑发病部位）的平均工龄为（4.52±2.67）年，不同部位WMSDs发病工龄差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随着重物搬运频率的增加，各部位WMSDs的标准化率和OR值呈显著上升趋势。WMSDs的发病率与长时间保持不良工作姿势、频繁重复操作和重物搬运显著相关（OR=1.52、1.45、1.63，P<0.01）。本研究表明，我国职业人群中WMSDs的风险随工龄增加呈非线性变化，尤其是在工作10至25年时显著增加。不良工作姿势、频繁重复操作和重物搬运与WMSDs显著相关，为制定更准确有效的WMSDs预防策略提供了科学依据。
