Zhang Daya, Chen Chen, Xie Yunqian, Zhou Shuo, Li Da, Zeng Fan, Huang Shimei, Lv Yanting, Huang Xianfeng, Mao Fengjiao, Kuang Jinglei, Gan Jin, Xu Xiaojing, Chen Shiju, Chen Runxiang, Zhang Xiaodong, Xu Sangni, Zeng Minyu, Ren Haoyue, Bai Feihu
The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Yehai Avenue, #368, Longhua District, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):369. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84598-4.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to persistent symptoms, sequelae, and other medical complications that may last for weeks or months after recovery. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and risk factors of long COVID-19 persisting for 2 years in Hainan Province, China, to aid in its recognition, prevention, and treatment. Between July and August 2022, 960 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hainan, China, were recruited. An epidemiological questionnaire was conducted via phone interviews to assess participants' recovery status after 2 years. Among the participants, 120 patients (12.5%) experienced at least one long COVID-19 complication. The most common symptoms were cough (33.3%, 40/120), followed by fatigue (25.9%, 31/120), hair loss (23.3%, 28/120), and dizziness (20.8%, 25/120). Independent risk factors included age over 65, moderate to severe infection, chronic diseases, irregular diet, late sleeping, anxiety, and fewer than 2 vaccinations (p < 0.05). While most individuals infected with COVID-19 fully recover, approximately 12.5% experience intermediate or long-term effects. This study is the first to identify the incidence and associated risk factors of long COVID-19 with the longest follow-up time, providing valuable insights for the timely restoration of pre-COVID-19 health.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）可导致持续症状、后遗症和其他医学并发症，这些症状可能在康复后持续数周或数月。本研究的目的是评估中国海南省持续两年的新冠长期症状的患病率和风险因素，以助力其识别、预防和治疗。2022年7月至8月，在中国海南招募了960名确诊感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的个体。通过电话访谈进行了一项流行病学问卷调查，以评估参与者两年后的康复状况。在参与者中，120名患者（12.5%）经历了至少一种新冠长期症状并发症。最常见的症状是咳嗽（33.3%，40/120），其次是疲劳（25.9%，31/120）、脱发（23.3%，28/120）和头晕（20.8%，25/120）。独立风险因素包括65岁以上、中度至重度感染、慢性病、饮食不规律、晚睡、焦虑以及接种疫苗少于2剂（p<0.05）。虽然大多数感染COVID-19的个体能完全康复，但约12.5%的人会经历中期或长期影响。本研究首次确定了随访时间最长的新冠长期症状的发病率及相关风险因素，为及时恢复感染新冠前的健康状况提供了有价值的见解。
