Domba Markos Manote, Argefa Terefe Gelibo, Gizaw Abraham Tamirat, Bitew Abewa Kebede
Public Health, Gofa Zone Health Department, South Ethiopia Regional State Health Bureau, Sawla, Ethiopia.
Public Health Department, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Glob Womens Health. 2024 Dec 19;5:1446396. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1446396. eCollection 2024.
The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increasing at an alarming rate in Ethiopia. NCDs affect reproductive-age women and cause significant threats to future generations. Screening is an important aspect leading to early diagnosis, treatment and preventing the risk of complications and future mortality. However, less attention has been paid in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to assess awareness of NCD screening and associated factors among reproductive-age women in the Gofa and Basketo zones.
A community-based cross-sectional study design was undertaken, employing a multistage cluster sampling method to select participants from the designated zones. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Associations were deemed statistically significant if the -value was ≤0.05.
The awareness level for screening NCDs among women was found to be 54.8%. Specifically, the percentages for awareness of hypertension (HTN), diabetes, cervical cancer, and breast cancer screenings were 52.7%, 42.4%, 38.1%, and 34.8% respectively. However, the study revealed that only 43.0%, 9.4%, 16.2%, and 20.7% of the participants had undergone screening for HTN, diabetes, breast cancer, and cervical cancer respectively. High awareness of NCD screening was significantly associated with urban residence (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.63, 1.73), Gofa zone residence (AOR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.95, 2.13), being able to read and write (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11), having primary (AOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.16) and secondary school education (AOR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14), being in the age group of 25-34 (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.49) and ≥35 years (AOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.26), being married (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.35) and single women (AOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.43), government employees (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.54, 1.77), having larger family sizes (>4) (AOR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.12) and having a family member diagnosed with NCD (AOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.22).
Nearly half of the study population had no awareness of NCD screening and the vast majority had poor screening practice. Strengthening the provision of behavioral change communication strategies through trained health professionals based on the audience's segmentation by age, educational and economic status is needed.
埃塞俄比亚非传染性疾病（NCDs）的负担正以惊人的速度增加。非传染性疾病影响育龄妇女，并对后代造成重大威胁。筛查是实现早期诊断、治疗以及预防并发症风险和未来死亡的一个重要方面。然而，在新冠疫情后的时代，这方面受到的关注较少。因此，本研究旨在评估戈法和巴斯凯托地区育龄妇女对非传染性疾病筛查的知晓情况及相关因素。
采用基于社区的横断面研究设计，运用多阶段整群抽样方法从指定地区选取参与者。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）进行多变量逻辑回归分析。如果p值≤0.05，则认为关联具有统计学意义。
发现妇女中对非传染性疾病筛查的知晓率为54.8%。具体而言，对高血压（HTN）、糖尿病、宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查的知晓率分别为52.7%、42.4%、38.1%和34.8%。然而，研究显示分别只有43.0%、9.4%、16.2%和20.7%的参与者接受过高血压、糖尿病、乳腺癌和宫颈癌的筛查。对非传染性疾病筛查的高知晓率与城市居住（优势比[AOR]：1.68，95%置信区间[CI]：1.63，1.73）、戈法地区居住（AOR：2.04，95%CI：1.95，2.13）、能够读写（AOR：1.06，95%CI：1.02，1.11）、接受过小学（AOR：1.13，95%CI：1.09，1.16）和中学教育（AOR：1.11，95%CI：1.00，1.14）、年龄在25 - 34岁（AOR：1.45，95%CI：1.41，1.49）和≥35岁（AOR：1.22，95%CI：1.18，1.26）、已婚（AOR：1.25，95%CI：1.16，1.35）和单身女性（AOR：1.31，95%CI：1.18，1.43）、政府雇员（AOR：1.65，95%CI：1.54，1.77）、家庭规模较大（>4）（AOR：1.11，95%CI：1.05，1.12）以及有家庭成员被诊断患有非传染性疾病（AOR：1.16，95%CI：1.11，1.22）显著相关。
近一半的研究人群对非传染性疾病筛查没有意识，绝大多数人的筛查行为较差。需要通过受过培训的卫生专业人员，根据年龄、教育和经济状况对受众进行细分，加强提供行为改变沟通策略。
