Zekarias Befikaduwa, Mesfin Frehiwot, Mengiste Bezatu, Tesfaye Adane, Getacher Lemma
Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
J Nutr Metab. 2020 Oct 31;2020:5102329. doi: 10.1155/2020/5102329. eCollection 2020.
Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable.
The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2-46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03-4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1-11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5-26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4-15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter.
Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.
碘缺乏症是埃塞俄比亚的一个主要公共卫生问题，在育龄妇女中更为常见。然而，该问题并未得到妥善解决，且缺乏关于育龄妇女碘缺乏症患病率及其相关因素的信息。因此，本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚西南部加莫戈法地区登巴戈法县育龄妇女的甲状腺肿患病率及其相关因素。
2016年2月5日至4月20日，在584名随机选取的育龄妇女中开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样技术选取研究社区，采用系统随机抽样技术选取研究样本。通过预先测试的问卷收集数据，并对每位参与者进行临床甲状腺肿检查。收集到的数据进行编码后录入计算机，使用EpiData 3.2版本进行统计分析，并使用SPSS 20版本进行分析。在二元逻辑回归分析中P值≤0.25的变量纳入多元逻辑回归分析，最后，在多元逻辑回归中P值<0.05的变量被认为与因变量显著相关。
甲状腺肿总患病率为43%，95%置信区间为39.2 - 46.9。食用木薯（比值比：2.02，95%置信区间：1.03 - 4）、使用前清洗盐（比值比：3.14，95%置信区间：1.1 - 11.3）、购买后>2个月使用盐（比值比：11，95%置信区间：5 - 26）、甲状腺肿家族史（比值比：4.6，95%置信区间：1.4 - 15.8）以及对碘盐知识了解不足（比值比：2.7，95%置信区间：1.4 - 5.5）是与甲状腺肿相关的显著因素。
研究区域的育龄妇女碘缺乏情况严重。这表明育龄妇女，尤其是孕期妇女，在分娩时面临碘缺乏及其不良影响。因此，她们急需补充碘，增加获取富含碘食物的机会，并食用碘盐。此外，健康教育应侧重于碘盐的重要性、正确使用方法以及预防碘缺乏，强烈建议通过这些措施将该问题的影响降至最低。
