Singh Akanksha, Negi Pradeep Singh
Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.
J Food Sci. 2025 Jan;90(1):e17634. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.17634. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
Sleep disturbances are increasingly prevalent, significantly impacting physical and mental health. Recent research reveals a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and sleep, mediated through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This review examines the role of gut microbiota in sleep physiology and explores how biotics, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fermented foods, can enhance sleep quality. Drawing from animal and human studies, we discuss neurobiological mechanisms by which biotics may influence sleep, including modulation of neurotransmitters, immune responses, and hormonal regulation. Key microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, are highlighted for their role in supporting sleep-related neurochemical processes. Additionally, this review presents dietary strategies and food processing technologies, like fermentation, as innovative approaches for sleep enhancement. Although promising, the available research has limitations, including small sample sizes, variability in biotic strains and dosages, and reliance on subjective sleep assessments. This review underscores the need for standardized protocols, objective assessments such as polysomnography, and personalized biotic interventions. Emerging findings highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modulation for sleep improvement, though further large-scale human trials are essential to refine strain selection, dosage, and formulation. This interdisciplinary exploration seeks to advance food-based interventions and holistic strategies for managing sleep disorders and improving quality of life.
睡眠障碍日益普遍，对身心健康产生重大影响。最近的研究揭示了肠道微生物群与睡眠之间的双向关系，这种关系通过微生物群-肠道-脑轴介导。本综述探讨了肠道微生物群在睡眠生理学中的作用，并探讨了包括益生菌、益生元、合生元、后生元及发酵食品在内的生物活性物质如何提高睡眠质量。借鉴动物和人类研究，我们讨论了生物活性物质可能影响睡眠的神经生物学机制，包括神经递质的调节、免疫反应和激素调节。重点介绍了关键的微生物代谢产物，如短链脂肪酸，它们在支持与睡眠相关的神经化学过程中发挥的作用。此外，本综述还介绍了饮食策略和食品加工技术，如发酵，作为改善睡眠的创新方法。尽管前景广阔，但现有研究存在局限性，包括样本量小、生物活性菌株和剂量的变异性以及依赖主观睡眠评估。本综述强调需要标准化方案、多导睡眠图等客观评估以及个性化的生物活性物质干预措施。新出现的研究结果突出了调节肠道微生物群改善睡眠的治疗潜力，不过进一步的大规模人体试验对于优化菌株选择、剂量和配方至关重要。这种跨学科探索旨在推进基于食物的干预措施和整体策略，以管理睡眠障碍并提高生活质量。
