Liu Wenduo, Wang Zilin, Kim Min-Hye, Gu Yu, Sim Hyun-Jaung, Lee Jeong-Chae, Kook Sung-Ho, Kim Sang Hyun
Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
Aging Dis. 2024 Dec 16. doi: 10.14336/AD.2024.1047.
The negative effects of particulate matter up to 2.5 μm in diameter (PM) and their mediating mechanisms have been studied in various tissues. However, little is known about the mechanism and long-term tracking underlying the sex-dependent effects of PM on skeletal muscle system modulation. During youth, skeletal muscle grows rapidly and develops at its highest rate. Here we explore how exposure to atmospherically relevant levels of artificial PM affects the skeletal muscle system in 4-week-old C57BL6 mice according to sex and track the effects for 15 months post-exposure. We found that PM retarded muscle fiber growth and caused mitochondrial damage by modulating factors related to mitochondrial kinetics. However, the effects of PM on the modulation of the skeletal muscle system differed by sex and post-exposure time. The negative impacts of PM on skeletal muscle continued until they were overwhelmed by aging-related oxidative stress and inflammation, which were more severe in older PM-exposed female mice compared with male mice. Older PM-exposed female mice, but not older PM-exposed male mice, exhibited obesity-related phenotypes in the form of increased weight and fat mass. Overall, initial exposure to PM affected the skeletal muscle system with long-lasting impacts that differed according to sex.
直径达2.5微米的颗粒物（PM）的负面影响及其介导机制已在各种组织中进行了研究。然而，关于PM对骨骼肌系统调节的性别依赖性影响的机制和长期跟踪情况，人们知之甚少。在青少年时期，骨骼肌生长迅速，发育速度最快。在此，我们探讨暴露于大气相关水平的人造PM如何根据性别影响4周龄C57BL6小鼠的骨骼肌系统，并在暴露后15个月跟踪其影响。我们发现，PM通过调节与线粒体动力学相关的因子，延缓了肌纤维生长并导致线粒体损伤。然而，PM对骨骼肌系统调节的影响因性别和暴露后时间而异。PM对骨骼肌的负面影响一直持续，直到被与衰老相关的氧化应激和炎症所掩盖，与雄性小鼠相比，暴露于PM的老年雌性小鼠的氧化应激和炎症更为严重。暴露于PM的老年雌性小鼠，而非老年雄性小鼠，表现出与肥胖相关的表型，即体重和脂肪量增加。总体而言，最初暴露于PM会对骨骼肌系统产生长期影响，且这些影响因性别而异。
