Yu Siyuan, Garrabrants Andrew C, DeLapp Rossane C, Hubner Tara, Thorneloe Susan A, Kosson David S
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351826, Nashville, TN, 37235-1826, USA.
Land, Chemicals, and Redevelopment Division, Region 8, U.S. EPA, 1595 Wynkoop St., Denver, CO, 80202, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Jan;373:123892. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123892. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Increased usage of electric arc furnace (EAF) slags as soil amendments and surface aggregates raises concerns regarding heavy metal release. However, no standardized leaching characterization approach exists for EAF slags and other industrial materials. This study compares test results for three EAF slags using several testing approaches: (i) total content analysis, (ii) single-batch extractions (i.e., TCLP, SPLP, and in-vitro bioaccessibility assay), and (iii) evaluation for the fine fraction (<2 mm) and ingestion fraction (<250 μm). Test results were compared to the pH-dependent liquid-solid partitioning (LSP) and percolation column testing. Constituent screening based on total content identified As, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Sb, Se, Tl and V as constituents of potential concern (COPCs); however, pH-dependent LSP curves indicated that only Fe, Mn, and possibly Cr have the potential to exceed regional residential soil screening levels. Additional COPCs (Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr(VI), Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Sn) exceeded example thresholds at one or more of three plausible release conditions. LSP curves and column test results indicated that most COPCs are in equilibrium at test conditions. Although leaching evaluation indicated the potential for concentrations greater than thresholds, assessments incorporating test results with scenario-specific parameters provide a more precise basis for evaluating COPC release. This study demonstrates that the applicability of single-batch extraction tests is limited to conditions simulated by the test, while a well-defined LSP curve is representative of leaching over conditions of all single-batch tests. Therefore, pH-dependent and percolation column testing provides a baseline characterization to support environmental decision making.
电弧炉（EAF）炉渣作为土壤改良剂和表面集料的使用增加，引发了人们对重金属释放的担忧。然而，目前尚无针对电弧炉炉渣和其他工业材料的标准化浸出特性表征方法。本研究使用几种测试方法比较了三种电弧炉炉渣的测试结果：（i）总含量分析，（ii）单批次萃取（即TCLP、SPLP和体外生物可及性测定），以及（iii）对细颗粒部分（<2毫米）和摄入部分（<250微米）的评估。将测试结果与pH依赖的液固分配（LSP）和渗滤柱测试进行了比较。基于总含量的成分筛选确定砷、铬、铁、锂、锰、锑、硒、铊和钒为潜在关注成分（COPCs）；然而，pH依赖的LSP曲线表明，只有铁、锰，可能还有铬有可能超过区域住宅土壤筛选水平。在三种合理的释放条件中的一种或多种条件下，其他COPCs（铝、钡、镉、铜、铬（VI）、汞、钼、镍、铅和锡）超过了示例阈值。LSP曲线和柱测试结果表明，大多数COPCs在测试条件下处于平衡状态。尽管浸出评估表明浓度有可能超过阈值，但将测试结果与特定情景参数相结合的评估为评估COPCs释放提供了更精确的基础。本研究表明，单批次萃取测试的适用性仅限于测试模拟的条件，而定义明确的LSP曲线代表了所有单批次测试条件下的浸出情况。因此，pH依赖和渗滤柱测试提供了一个基线表征，以支持环境决策。
