Mallick Souradip, Pradhan Trisnehi, Das Surajit
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India.
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Jan;373:123977. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123977. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Increasing industrial pollution and certain hazardous agricultural practices have led to the discharge of heavy toxic metals into the environment. Among different bioremediation techniques, biomineralization is the synthesis of biomineral crystals extracellularly or intracellularly. Several bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus sphaericus have been found to induce heavy metal precipitation and mineralization for bioremediation. This article summarizes the different biomineralization mechanisms of bacterial-induced heavy metal biomineralization, mainly microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), microbial-induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP), and microbial-induced sulphide precipitation (MISP). Moreover, bacterial structures such as cell wall, biofilm, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) influence mineralization and control bacterial compartmentalization of heavy metal precipitation. Several genes control the efficiency of biomineralization in bacteria, such as ureA, ureB, ureC, phoA, dsrA, dsrB, dsrC, dsrD, dsrE, luxS, and ompR. This biomineralization mechanism provides new and broad prospects for its application in soil improvement, industrial applications, and wastewater treatments. In addition, bacterial genetic modification holds immense potential for advancing the biomineralization process to meet diverse environmental and industrial needs.
日益增加的工业污染和某些有害的农业做法导致了重金属有毒物质排放到环境中。在不同的生物修复技术中，生物矿化是指在细胞外或细胞内合成生物矿物晶体。已发现几种细菌，如蜡样芽孢杆菌、施氏假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和球形芽孢杆菌，可诱导重金属沉淀和矿化以进行生物修复。本文总结了细菌诱导重金属生物矿化的不同生物矿化机制，主要是微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）、微生物诱导磷酸盐沉淀（MIPP）和微生物诱导硫化物沉淀（MISP）。此外，细菌结构如细胞壁、生物膜和细胞外聚合物（EPS）会影响矿化并控制重金属沉淀的细菌区室化。几个基因控制细菌中生物矿化的效率, 如ureA、ureB、ureC、phoA、dsrA、dsrB、dsrC、dsrD、dsrE、luxS和ompR。这种生物矿化机制为其在土壤改良、工业应用和废水处理中的应用提供了新的广阔前景。此外，细菌基因改造在推进生物矿化过程以满足各种环境和工业需求方面具有巨大潜力。
