Ahrends Robert, Ellis Shane R, Verhelst Steven H L, Kreutz Michael R
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2025 Feb;50(2):156-170. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.12.004. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
The brain is an exceptionally lipid-rich organ with a very complex lipid composition. Lipids are central in several neuronal processes, including membrane formation and fusion, myelin packing, and lipid-mediated signal transmission. Lipid diversity is associated with the evolution of higher cognitive abilities in primates, is affected by neuronal activity, and is instrumental for synaptic plasticity, illustrating that lipids are not static components of synaptic membranes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the lipid composition of synapses is unique and distinct from other neuronal subcompartments. Here, we delve into the nascent field of synaptoneurolipidomics, offering an overview of current knowledge on the lipid composition of synaptic junctions and technological advances that will allow us to study the impact on synaptic function.
大脑是一个脂质含量异常丰富且脂质组成非常复杂的器官。脂质在多个神经元过程中起着核心作用，包括膜的形成与融合、髓鞘包裹以及脂质介导的信号传递。脂质多样性与灵长类动物更高认知能力的进化相关，受神经元活动影响，并且对突触可塑性至关重要，这表明脂质并非突触膜的静态成分。多条证据表明，突触的脂质组成是独特的，与其他神经元亚区不同。在这里，我们深入探讨突触神经脂质组学这一新兴领域，概述关于突触连接脂质组成的当前知识以及将使我们能够研究其对突触功能影响的技术进展。
