Caputo Margherita, Gubar Olga, Tóth Petra, Vitale Nicolas, Gasman Stéphane, Ory Stéphane
Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France; IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France.
J Biol Chem. 2025 Jul 2;301(8):110441. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110441.
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is highly dynamic and asymmetrically organized. Its continuous remodeling plays a crucial role in diverse cellular processes, including apoptosis, blood coagulation, and vesicular trafficking. The distribution and rearrangement of phospholipids (PLs) within the bilayer are tightly regulated, influencing membrane curvature, tension, and organization. This review examines the role of PL asymmetry in vesicle fusion, the final step of exocytosis, and in vesicular membrane retrieval by compensatory endocytosis in neurosecretory cells, with a particular emphasis on structural PLs such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS). We discuss the molecular mechanisms that maintain and disrupt PLs asymmetry and explore how lipid rearrangements affect vesicle dynamics. Additionally, we highlight recent findings on lipid scramblases, particularly phospholipid scramblase-1 (PLSCR1), and their role in regulated exocytosis and compensatory endocytosis.
真核细胞的质膜高度动态且不对称组织。其持续重塑在多种细胞过程中起关键作用，包括细胞凋亡、血液凝固和囊泡运输。磷脂（PLs）在双层膜内的分布和重排受到严格调控，影响膜曲率、张力和组织。本综述研究了PL不对称性在囊泡融合（胞吐作用的最后一步）以及神经分泌细胞中通过补偿性内吞作用进行囊泡膜回收中的作用，特别强调了结构PLs，如磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）和磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）。我们讨论了维持和破坏PLs不对称性的分子机制，并探讨了脂质重排如何影响囊泡动力学。此外，我们强调了关于脂质翻转酶，特别是磷脂翻转酶-1（PLSCR1）的最新发现，以及它们在调节性胞吐作用和补偿性内吞作用中的作用。
