Kurniadi Angela, Levy Judith A, Johnson Timothy P
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 14440, Indonesia.
Health Policy, and Social Innovation, AIDS Research Center, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 4;25(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21232-y.
Despite multiple years of government HIV educational efforts, the growing trend of new cases among women in Indonesia runs parallel with their seemingly overall lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV. A major prevention challenge for the Indonesian government lies in delivering HIV prevention education across the world's largest archipelago. This study investigates comprehensive HIV knowledge among reproductive-age women in Southwest Sumba, Indonesia, and the sources through which they report having learned about HIV along with potential mediators of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and HIV knowledge.
This cross-sectional study using convenience sampling recruited 159 married women ages 15-49 years old living in 4 selected church parishes in Southwest Sumba on March 12-20, 2023. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 and items from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (24 total) measured the women's comprehensive knowledge about HIV. Additional items asked about sources through which the women had received information about HIV. One-way ANOVA examined differences in the level of HIV knowledge obtained through one or more information sources (healthcare providers, media, schools, and social network members). Mediation analysis investigated potential mediators of the relationship between SES and HIV knowledge.
Comprehensive HIV knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 21 (mean = 10.6). About 65% of the 159 women could only correctly answer 50% or less of the questions. Most incorrect answers pertained either to Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission (MTCT) or misconceptions about the virus. One-way ANOVA revealed that the mean of HIV knowledge increased as the number of informational sources increased (p < .001). Structural Equation Modelling found that social network members, healthcare providers, and the media all had significant direct effects on HIV knowledge. In addition, an indirect positive relationship between SES and comprehensive HIV knowledge was mediated by information obtained through the media and marginally through healthcare providers.
The study's results suggest that more extensive in-depth HIV education is greatly needed to help prevent transmission among women living in small and outlying islands in Indonesia. Wider promotion of HIV information through the media and more intensively through local healthcare providers appears a promising and likely effective means to reach these women.
尽管政府多年来一直在开展艾滋病病毒（HIV）教育工作，但印度尼西亚女性新病例的增长趋势与她们似乎普遍缺乏全面的HIV知识的情况并存。印度尼西亚政府面临的一项主要预防挑战在于，要在这个世界上最大的群岛国家开展HIV预防教育。本研究调查了印度尼西亚松巴岛西南部育龄妇女的全面HIV知识，她们获取HIV知识的来源，以及社会经济地位（SES）与HIV知识之间关系的潜在中介因素。
这项横断面研究采用便利抽样方法，于2023年3月12日至20日在松巴岛西南部4个选定的教堂教区招募了159名年龄在15至49岁的已婚妇女。HIV知识问卷-18以及2017年印度尼西亚人口与健康调查中的项目（共24项）测量了这些妇女对HIV的全面知识。其他项目询问了这些妇女获取HIV信息的来源。单因素方差分析检验了通过一种或多种信息来源（医疗保健提供者、媒体、学校和社交网络成员）获得的HIV知识水平的差异。中介分析调查了SES与HIV知识之间关系的潜在中介因素。
HIV综合知识得分范围为0至21分（平均=10.6分）。在这159名妇女中，约65%的人只能正确回答50%或更少的问题。大多数错误答案要么与母婴传播HIV（MTCT）有关，要么是对该病毒的误解。单因素方差分析显示，随着信息来源数量的增加，HIV知识的平均值也增加（p<0.001）。结构方程模型发现，社交网络成员、医疗保健提供者和媒体都对HIV知识有显著的直接影响。此外，SES与HIV综合知识之间的间接正相关关系是由通过媒体获得的信息介导的，通过医疗保健提供者的介导作用较弱。
研究结果表明，非常需要开展更广泛深入的HIV教育，以帮助预防印度尼西亚偏远小岛上妇女之间的传播。通过媒体更广泛地传播HIV信息，并通过当地医疗保健提供者更密集地传播，似乎是接触这些妇女的一种有前景且可能有效的手段。
