Hu Zhuozhuo, Wood Chantelle, Buckland Nicola
School of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, United Kingdom.
Body Image. 2025 Mar;52:101844. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101844. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
Research demonstrates that self-objectification negatively impacts both cisgender heterosexual women and men. However, measures of self-objectification have primarily been designed for and validated in women, raising doubts about their applicability to men and demonstrated gender differences in self-objectification. This research investigated the psychometric properties of the Self-Objectification Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (SOBBS; Lindner & Tantleff-Dunn, 2017) in cisgender heterosexual women, and for the first time, in cisgender heterosexual men. Study 1 (women = 180, men = 163) and 2 (women = 137, men = 138, age-representative samples) used an online longitudinal design. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Study 1 supported the original 2-factor structure of the SOBBS across genders. Multigroup CFA in Study 2 confirmed measurement invariance across genders. Women showed lower latent SOBBS Factor 1 than men, with no gender difference on latent Factor 2. Across studies, the SOBBS demonstrated good concurrent validity, convergent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability for both genders, in addition to differentiation by sexual objectification experience. The psychometric properties of the Self-Objectification Questionnaire (Noll & Fredrickson, 1998) and the Objectified Body Consciousness Body Surveillance Scale (McKinley & Hyde, 1996) were also explored. Both scale scores were differentiated by gender after controlling for sexual objectification experience, suggesting that scores on these scales may be subject to gender-based measurement bias. Overall, the current research contributes to the evidence-base for effective measurement of self-objectification in men, indicating that the SOBBS is psychometrically sound for use not only in cisgender heterosexual women, but also in cisgender heterosexual men.
研究表明，自我物化对顺性别异性恋女性和男性都会产生负面影响。然而，自我物化的测量方法主要是为女性设计并在女性中得到验证的，这引发了对其适用于男性的质疑，并显示出自我物化方面存在性别差异。本研究调查了自我物化信念与行为量表（SOBBS；Lindner & Tantleff-Dunn，2017）在顺性别异性恋女性中的心理测量特性，并且首次在顺性别异性恋男性中进行了调查。研究1（女性 = 180人，男性 = 163人）和研究2（女性 = 137人，男性 = 138人，年龄代表性样本）采用了在线纵向设计。研究1中的验证性因素分析（CFA）支持了SOBBS在不同性别中的原始双因素结构。研究2中的多组CFA证实了不同性别间的测量不变性。女性的潜在SOBBS因素1低于男性，而潜在因素2不存在性别差异。在各项研究中，除了通过性物化经历进行区分外，SOBBS在两性中都表现出良好的同时效度、收敛效度、内部一致性和重测信度。还探讨了自我物化问卷（Noll & Fredrickson，1998）和物化身体意识身体监测量表（McKinley & Hyde，1996）的心理测量特性。在控制了性物化经历后，两个量表的得分都因性别而有所不同，这表明这些量表的得分可能存在基于性别的测量偏差。总体而言，当前研究为有效测量男性的自我物化提供了证据基础，表明SOBBS在心理测量上是可靠的，不仅适用于顺性别异性恋女性，也适用于顺性别异性恋男性。
