da Silva Samara Helena, Felippin Matheus Ribeiro, de Oliveira Medeiros Letícia, Hedin-Pereira Cecília, Nogueira-Campos Anaelli Aparecida
Laboratory of Cognitive Neurophysiology (LabNeuro), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical-Functional Performance, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Laboratory of Cognitive Neurophysiology (LabNeuro), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Biophysics), Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2025 Feb;169:106002. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106002. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder mainly defined by impairments in communication and socialization. Although motor symptoms are not typically considered central to the disease, their high frequency and early onset have been recurrently reported in the literature. Therefore, this scoping review provides a broad description of these motor impairments across all ages, as well as a discussion of their relevance and relation to other clinical aspects of ASD. The scientific search was carried out in Scopus, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Nineteen studies were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. The studies analyzed 784 participants diagnosed with ASD compared to 540 controls. Motor function was assessed by means of varied kinds of scales and questionnaires. The main motor domains evaluated included features of fine and gross motor skills, manual dexterity, coordination/motor control/praxis, balance, running speed/agility, strength, gait, whole-body movements, aiming and catching (ball skills), and repetitive movements. Motor impairments are consistently observed in ASD from the first years of life, persisting into adulthood. It includes a significant deficit in performance of manual, posture, strength, and gait behavior/skills. The deficits described in ASD comprised impairments in fine and gross motor skills, lower balance, lower cadence, and greater variation of gait control, as well as weakness among other features that leads this population to move in an adaptive way affecting their interactions in real life.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍，主要表现为沟通和社交方面的缺陷。虽然运动症状通常不被视为该疾病的核心特征，但文献中反复报道了其高发性和早期发作情况。因此，本综述对所有年龄段的这些运动障碍进行了广泛描述，并讨论了它们与ASD其他临床方面的相关性及关系。在Scopus、Pubmed、Embase和科学网数据库中进行了科学检索。应用纳入标准后，筛选出19项研究。这些研究分析了784名被诊断为ASD的参与者，并与540名对照组进行比较。通过各种量表和问卷对运动功能进行评估。评估的主要运动领域包括精细和粗大运动技能、手动灵巧性、协调/运动控制/实践、平衡、跑步速度/敏捷性、力量、步态、全身运动、瞄准和接球（球类技能）以及重复性运动。在ASD患者中，从生命的最初几年就持续观察到运动障碍，并持续到成年期。这包括在手部动作、姿势、力量和步态行为/技能方面的显著缺陷。ASD中描述的缺陷包括精细和粗大运动技能受损、平衡能力较低、步频较低、步态控制变化较大，以及其他导致该人群以适应性方式移动从而影响其现实生活中互动的特征中的虚弱。
