Fortini Lorenzo, Ruzzier Enrico, Mei Maurizio, Di Giulio Andrea
Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi, 446, Rome, Italy Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi, 446 Rome Italy.
National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) Palermo Italy.
Biodivers Data J. 2024 Dec 27;12:e139087. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e139087. eCollection 2024.
Urbanisation is a global phenomenon responsible for negative processes in natural ecosystems, such as degradation, loss of habitat and fragmentation. Large urban green areas could, however, represent shelter for animal species, promoting biodiversity conservation. Urban green spaces can also provide useful habitats for threatened species. Wild bees are amongst the most important and efficient pollinating insects and play an indispensable role in ecosystem functioning. Approximately half of the European wild bee species have been reported from Italy, making it a biodiversity hotspot for this group of insects. Many studies have been conducted on pollinating insects in recent years, but few data and incomplete knowledge on wild bee faunas in strictly urban environments exist. Georeferenced faunal data would be important for conservation efforts and understanding the effects that large cities such as Rome may have on the diversity of wild bee communities.
This work focused on the diversity of wild bees in nature reserves belonging to the RomaNatura network within the urban area of Rome, Italy. A total of 208 wild bee species belonging to 36 genera and six families were identified. Amongst the species surveyed, one species was classified as Endangered (EN) and seven species were classified as Near Threatened (NT) by the European Red List of wild bees. Twenty-four species are new reports for the urban area of Rome. Sampling took place from April to September 2022. The most represented family in terms of abundance was Halictidae, accounting for 36% of all bees collected, followed by Apidae (24% of samples), Andrenidae (17% of samples), Megachilidae (15% of samples), Colletidae (7% of samples) and Melittidae (1% of samples). The Megachilidae family was the richest in terms of the number of species, accounting for 25% of the total species sampled. This research aimed to provide a set of standardised and georeferenced wild bee occurrences that constitute the baseline for any faunistic, ecological and conservation activity of Rome's nature reserves. In addition, the research aims to demonstrate the importance of large urban green areas in one of the largest European cities as biodiversity reservoirs for wild bees.
城市化是一种全球现象，它导致自然生态系统出现负面变化，如退化、栖息地丧失和碎片化。然而，大型城市绿地可以为动物物种提供庇护所，促进生物多样性保护。城市绿地还可以为濒危物种提供有用的栖息地。野生蜜蜂是最重要、最有效的传粉昆虫之一，在生态系统功能中发挥着不可或缺的作用。据报道，意大利约有一半的欧洲野生蜜蜂物种，使其成为这类昆虫的生物多样性热点地区。近年来，人们对传粉昆虫进行了许多研究，但关于严格城市环境中野生蜜蜂群落的数据很少，相关知识也不完整。地理参考动物区系数据对于保护工作以及了解罗马等大城市可能对野生蜜蜂群落多样性产生的影响至关重要。
这项工作聚焦于意大利罗马市区内属于罗马自然网络的自然保护区中野生蜜蜂的多样性。共鉴定出208种野生蜜蜂，分属于36个属和6个科。在调查的物种中，有一种被欧洲野生蜜蜂红色名录列为濒危（EN）物种，七种被列为近危（NT）物种。24个物种是罗马市区的新记录。采样时间为2022年4月至9月。从数量上看，最具代表性的科是隧蜂科，占所有采集到的蜜蜂的36%，其次是蜜蜂科（占样本的24%）、地蜂科（占样本的17%）、切叶蜂科（占样本的15%）、分舌蜂科（占样本的7%）和小蜜蜂科（占样本的1%）。切叶蜂科在物种数量上最为丰富，占采样总物种数的25%。本研究旨在提供一组标准化且带有地理参考的野生蜜蜂出现情况数据，这些数据构成了罗马自然保护区任何动物区系、生态和保护活动的基线。此外，该研究旨在证明欧洲最大城市之一的大型城市绿地作为野生蜜蜂生物多样性储存库的重要性。
