Pang Tao, Yang Li, Liu Yuxin, Chang Suhua
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2025 Jul;66(7):980-993. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.14112. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Impaired inhibitory control is observed in the majority of individuals with ADHD. Understanding the relationship between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD is essential for informing clinical prognosis and guiding early interventions.
We utilized Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LGCM) to map the developmental course of ADHD symptoms using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Concurrently, we examined the longitudinal correlation between inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms at corresponding time points. Additionally, a Bivariate Latent Change Score Model (BLCSM) was employed to investigate the relationship between changes in inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms. We also integrated Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) into the LGCM as predictors to explore the impact of genetic factors associated with inhibitory control and ADHD on the trajectory of ADHD symptoms.
The LGCM analysis demonstrated that baseline inhibitory control influenced both the initial state and the rate of change of ADHD symptoms. Inhibitory control exhibited both concurrent and prospective associations with ADHD symptoms. Notably, the BLCSM revealed that changes in inhibitory control could predict future changes in ADHD symptoms, and vice versa. Dynamic changes in inhibitory control were found to affect future changes in ADHD symptoms. Additionally, the PRS for inhibitory control and ADHD were significantly linked to the initial state and rate of change of ADHD symptoms.
Our findings underscore a sustained correlation between inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms, highlighting the critical association between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD in children. Furthermore, the predictive value of inhibitory control for ADHD suggests a new avenue for early intervention, potentially improving the prognosis for ADHD patients.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童期常见的神经发育障碍，其特征为注意力不集中、多动和冲动症状。大多数ADHD患者存在抑制控制受损的情况。了解抑制控制与ADHD发展轨迹之间的关系对于指导临床预后和早期干预至关重要。
我们利用潜在生长曲线模型（LGCM），通过青少年大脑认知发展研究的数据来描绘ADHD症状的发展过程。同时，我们在相应时间点检查了抑制控制与ADHD症状之间的纵向相关性。此外，采用双变量潜在变化得分模型（BLCSM）来研究抑制控制变化与ADHD症状之间的关系。我们还将多基因风险评分（PRS）纳入LGCM作为预测因子，以探讨与抑制控制和ADHD相关的遗传因素对ADHD症状轨迹的影响。
LGCM分析表明，基线抑制控制影响ADHD症状的初始状态和变化率。抑制控制与ADHD症状存在同时期和前瞻性关联。值得注意的是，BLCSM显示抑制控制的变化可以预测ADHD症状的未来变化，反之亦然。发现抑制控制的动态变化会影响ADHD症状的未来变化。此外，抑制控制和ADHD的PRS与ADHD症状的初始状态和变化率显著相关。
我们的研究结果强调了抑制控制与ADHD症状之间的持续相关性，突出了抑制控制与儿童ADHD发展轨迹之间的关键关联。此外，抑制控制对ADHD的预测价值为早期干预提供了新途径，可能改善ADHD患者的预后。
