Hussain Sana S, Kingsley J Danie
Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Arch Toxicol. 2025 Mar;99(3):915-934. doi: 10.1007/s00204-024-03947-4. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
Snake envenomation presents a significant global health challenge, especially in rural areas of tropical and subtropical regions. Traditional antivenom therapies face limitations related to efficacy, availability, and specificity, prompting a need for novel approaches. Recent advancements in omics technologies, particularly metabolomics and proteomics, have enhanced our understanding of snake venom composition, toxicity, and potential therapeutic strategies. Metabolomics allows for the study of metabolic changes induced by venom, providing insights into disrupted pathways and possible inhibitors. Proteomics facilitates the identification and characterization of venom proteins, unveiling their interactions with therapeutic agents. Integrative databases such as the Snake Venom Database (SVDB) and STAB Profiles enhance this research by cataloging venom components and aiding in the analysis of venom-antivenom interactions. The combined application of metabolomics and proteomics has led to the identification of crucial metabolic pathways and protein targets essential for effective venom inhibition. This review explores current advances in these fields, emphasizing the role of omics in identifying novel inhibitors and developing next-generation antivenoms. The integrated approach of metabolomics and proteomics offers a comprehensive understanding of snake venom biology, paving the way for more effective and tailored therapeutic solutions for envenomation.
蛇咬伤中毒是一项重大的全球健康挑战,在热带和亚热带地区的农村尤为如此。传统的抗蛇毒血清疗法在疗效、可及性和特异性方面存在局限性,因此需要新的方法。组学技术的最新进展,特别是代谢组学和蛋白质组学,加深了我们对蛇毒成分、毒性及潜在治疗策略的理解。代谢组学能够研究毒液诱导的代谢变化,揭示被破坏的代谢途径和可能的抑制剂。蛋白质组学有助于鉴定和表征毒液蛋白,揭示它们与治疗剂的相互作用。诸如蛇毒数据库(SVDB)和STAB图谱等综合数据库通过编目毒液成分并辅助分析毒液与抗蛇毒血清的相互作用,加强了这项研究。代谢组学和蛋白质组学的联合应用已导致鉴定出有效抑制毒液所必需的关键代谢途径和蛋白质靶点。本综述探讨了这些领域的当前进展,强调了组学在鉴定新型抑制剂和开发下一代抗蛇毒血清方面的作用。代谢组学和蛋白质组学的综合方法提供了对蛇毒生物学的全面理解,为更有效、更具针对性的蛇咬伤中毒治疗解决方案铺平了道路。