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严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)BA.4谱系毒株传入巴基斯坦。

The introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 lineage into Pakistan.

作者信息

Rehman Zaira, Edington Katherine, Jamal Zunera, Kritz-Wilson Angelika, Dudas Gytis, Sims Samuel, Myers Richard, Afrough Babak, Inamdar Leena, Haider Syed Adnan, Ikram Aamer, Salman Muhammad, Umair Massab

机构信息

Department of Virology, National Institute of Health (NIH), 45500, Park Rd, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.

New Variant Assessment Platform, Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5DF, UK.

出版信息

Arch Virol. 2025 Jan 6;170(2):26. doi: 10.1007/s00705-024-06211-3.

Abstract

Pakistan has experienced a total of six COVID-19 waves throughout the pandemic, each driven by distinct SARS-CoV-2 lineages. This study explores the introduction of Omicron lineage BA.4 into Pakistan, which contributed to the sixth wave between June and September 2022. A discrete phylogeographic reconstruction was conducted on a global dataset of 443 samples across 49 countries, of which 92 samples were collected in Pakistan. Samples collected in Pakistan were from 10 locations across the country: Balochistan, Gilgit Baltistan, Islamabad, Jhelum, Karachi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Lahore, Mirpur, Punjab, and Swat. This analysis identified eight distinct introductions into Pakistan between May 2022 and January 2023. The majority of BA.4 cases in Pakistan descended from one introduction, indicating that most transmission occurred within the country rather than through multiple importations. Two exportation events were also identified. During this time, there were reduced public health interventions in place, following the lifting of international travel restrictions in March 2022. This work stems from a collaboration between the UKHSA New Variant Assessment Platform and the National Institute of Health of Pakistan to strengthen genomic surveillance in front-line public health laboratories for global pandemic preparedness and response. The benefit of such partnerships has been evidenced throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, where scientific collaboration through data sharing and knowledge exchange has facilitated risk assessment and action. As a result of this collaboration, we have conducted the first Bayesian phylodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan. This work can lend evidence to support understanding of SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission patterns and inform public health containment measures for virus spread.

摘要

在整个疫情期间,巴基斯坦共经历了六波新冠疫情,每一波都由不同的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)谱系驱动。本研究探讨了奥密克戎谱系BA.4毒株传入巴基斯坦的情况,该毒株导致了2022年6月至9月的第六波疫情。对来自49个国家的443个样本的全球数据集进行了离散系统发育地理学重建,其中92个样本是在巴基斯坦采集的。在巴基斯坦采集的样本来自该国10个地区:俾路支省、吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦、伊斯兰堡、杰赫勒姆、卡拉奇、开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省、拉合尔、米尔布尔、旁遮普省和斯瓦特。该分析确定了2022年5月至2023年1月期间有八次不同的毒株传入巴基斯坦。巴基斯坦的大多数BA.4病例都源自一次传入事件,这表明大多数传播是在国内发生的,而非通过多次输入。还确定了两起病毒输出事件。在此期间,自2022年3月国际旅行限制解除后,公共卫生干预措施有所减少。这项工作源于英国卫生安全局新变种评估平台与巴基斯坦国立卫生研究院的合作,旨在加强一线公共卫生实验室的基因组监测,以应对全球大流行的防范和应对。这种伙伴关系的益处在整个新冠疫情期间都得到了体现,通过数据共享和知识交流进行的科学合作促进了风险评估和行动。通过这次合作,我们对巴基斯坦的SARS-CoV-2进行了首次贝叶斯系统发育动力学分析。这项工作可为理解SARS-CoV-2变种传播模式提供证据,并为病毒传播的公共卫生遏制措施提供参考。

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