Khadivi Ali, Mirheidari Farhad, Saeidifar Abdolvahid, Moradi Younes, Tunç Yazgan
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Zahedan, Sistan-va-Baluchestan, Iran.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jan 7;25(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06048-1.
Ficus johannis subsp. afghanistanica (Warb.) Browicz is an important plant species belonging to the Moraceae family and is part of the Ficus genus. In this study, the phenotypic diversity of 47 accessions of F. johannis subsp. afghanistanica was investigated using 61 morphological traits, evaluated from the Rachedr area in Sarbaz county, Sistan-va-Baluchestan province, Iran.
One-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) revealed significant differences among the accessions. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 4.54% (seed thickness) to 75.60% (trunk color), with 34 of the 50 traits (68%) having CVs greater than 20.00%, indicating a high degree of variation among the accessions. Leaf blade lengths ranged from 55.17 to 91.50 mm and leaf areas from 3125.93 to 7434.38 mm². Additionally, fruit length varied from 15.61 to 27.50 mm and fruit width from 13.65 to 25.16 mm. The study highlights significant morphological diversity of F. johannis subsp. afghanistanica, with key traits, including erect growth habits (25 accessions), intermediate and high vigor (21 accessions), and varied fruit ripening times (35 early, 12 late). Correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between leaf blade length and width (r = 0.835**) and fruit length and width (r = 0.987**). The results of principal component analysis showed that PC1 (6.63%), PC2 (5.06%), and PC3 (3.64%) highlighted leaf sizes, fruit sizes, and branch characteristics, respectively. The scatter plot showed that a total of 46 accessions fell within the 95% confidence ellipse, while the 'Rachedr-39' accession was located outside of it. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed 4 accessions in subgroup A1, 9 in A2, 21 in B1, and 13 in B2.
As a result, the first 10 accessions of F. johannis subsp. afghanistanica were detected ('Rachedr-1', 'Rachedr-39', 'Rachedr-16', 'Rachedr-31', 'Rachedr-37', 'Rachedr-12', 'Rachedr-15', 'Rachedr-3', 'Rachedr-27', and 'Rachedr-2'), with 'Rachedr-39' standing out due to its significant morphological differences. This study highlights the importance of morphological variation in understanding the biological diversity of the species, contributing valuable insights for conservation strategies aimed at ensuring sustainability and adaptability. These findings provide a crucial reference point for future research in plant biology and conservation.
阿富汗榕亚种（Ficus johannis subsp. afghanistanica (Warb.) Browicz）是桑科榕属的一种重要植物。在本研究中，利用61个形态特征对来自伊朗锡斯坦-俾路支斯坦省萨尔巴兹县拉赫德地区的47份阿富汗榕亚种材料的表型多样性进行了调查。
单因素方差分析（p < 0.05）表明材料间存在显著差异。变异系数（CV）范围从4.54%（种子厚度）到75.60%（树干颜色），50个特征中有34个（68%）的CV大于20.00%，表明材料间变异程度较高。叶片长度范围为55.17至91.50毫米，叶面积为3125.93至7434.38平方毫米。此外，果实长度从15.61至27.50毫米不等，果实宽度从13.65至25.16毫米不等。该研究突出了阿富汗榕亚种显著的形态多样性，其关键特征包括直立生长习性（25份材料）、中等和高活力（21份材料）以及不同的果实成熟时间（35份早熟，12份晚熟）。相关性分析表明叶片长度与宽度之间存在高度相关性（r = 0.835**）以及果实长度与宽度之间存在高度相关性（r = 0.987**）。主成分分析结果表明，主成分1（PC1，贡献率6.63%）、主成分2（PC2，贡献率5.06%）和主成分3（PC3，贡献率3.64%）分别突出了叶片大小、果实大小和枝条特征。散点图显示共有46份材料落在95%置信椭圆内，而‘拉赫德-39’材料位于其外。层次聚类分析显示A1亚组中有4份材料，A2亚组中有9份，B1亚组中有21份，B2亚组中有13份。
因此，检测出了阿富汗榕亚种的前10份材料（‘拉赫德-1’、‘拉赫德-39’、‘拉赫德-十六’、‘拉赫德-三十一’、‘拉赫德-三十七’、‘拉赫德-十二’、‘拉赫德-十五’、‘拉赫德-三’、‘拉赫德-二十七’和‘拉赫德-二’），其中‘拉赫德-39’因其显著的形态差异而突出。本研究强调了形态变异在理解该物种生物多样性方面的重要性，为旨在确保可持续性和适应性的保护策略提供了有价值的见解。这些发现为植物生物学和保护的未来研究提供了关键参考点。
