Grell S, Christensen J D, Fjalland B
Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1985 Jan;56(1):38-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1985.tb01250.x.
Intracerebroventricular injections of morphine (5-20 micrograms) produced a dose dependent antidiuresis in the conscious hydrated rat. Naloxone pretreatment completely abolished this antidiuretic effect, but pretreatment with a specific antidiuretic vasopressin antagonist did not change the morphine antidiuresis. The vasopressin concentration in the first voided urine after antidiuresis from morphine treated rats was found to be in the same range as the vasopressin concentration in urine from saline treated rats. Injections of 20 micrograms morphine intracerebroventricularly in conscious hydrated rats gave a short decrease in heart rate but not in mean arterial blood pressure. This indicates, that either liberation of vasopressin nor a fall in systemic blood pressure contribute to the morphine antidiuresis.
向清醒的水合大鼠脑室内注射吗啡（5 - 20微克）可产生剂量依赖性的抗利尿作用。纳洛酮预处理可完全消除这种抗利尿作用，但用特异性抗利尿血管升压素拮抗剂预处理并未改变吗啡的抗利尿作用。发现吗啡处理的大鼠在抗利尿后首次排出尿液中的血管升压素浓度与生理盐水处理的大鼠尿液中的血管升压素浓度处于相同范围。向清醒的水合大鼠脑室内注射20微克吗啡可使心率短暂下降，但平均动脉血压未下降。这表明，血管升压素的释放或全身血压的下降均未导致吗啡的抗利尿作用。
