Zhang Yuan, Wang Wei, Zhang Xuening, Jing Ran, Wen Xin, Xiao Peng, Liu Xinjie, Zhao Zengle, Chang Tongmin, Li Yufei, Liu Wen, Sun Chenxi, Yang Xiaorong, Yang Lejin, Lu Ming
School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 1;289:117658. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117658. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
The causal relationship between PM (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and common mental disorders, along with its neuropathological mechanisms, remains unclear.
We used genome-wide association study datasets from the UK Biobank and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium to systematically investigate the causal relationship between PM and nine common psychiatric disorders using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) methods. Subsequently, we used two-step MR to investigate the mediating effect of 108 potential mediators in the association between PM and mental disorders.
Our findings indicated that PM was positively associated with major depressive disorder (odds ratio (OR): 1.33, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.55), anxiety disorder (OR: 2.96, 95 % CI: 2.13-3.79), schizophrenia (OR: 1.55, 95 % CI: 1.29-1.81), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR: 1.95, 95 % CI: 1.66-2.24). Unexpectedly, PM was inversely associated with bipolar disorder (OR: 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.37-0.93). Additionally, PM was not significantly associated with autism spectrum disorders (OR: 1.24, 95 % CI: 0.83-1.65), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.91), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR: 0.81, 95 % CI: -0.07-1.69), or anorexia nervosa (OR: 1.42, 95 % CI: 0.86-1.98). Further analysis using two-step MR revealed that Neurotrophin-3 mediated 9.86 % of the PM-ADHD association and 5.88 % of the PM-schizophrenia association. Sensitivity analyses supported these findings.
This TSMR analysis provides a comprehensive examination of the causal relationship between PM exposure and nine common psychiatric disorders, with mediation analysis offering insight into the underlying mechanisms. This study aims to raise public awareness of how air quality affects mental health through empirical evidence.
空气动力学直径≤2.5μm的颗粒物（PM）与常见精神障碍之间的因果关系及其神经病理机制尚不清楚。
我们使用了英国生物银行和精神疾病基因组学联盟的全基因组关联研究数据集，采用两样本孟德尔随机化（TSMR）方法系统地研究PM与九种常见精神障碍之间的因果关系。随后，我们使用两步孟德尔随机化来研究108种潜在中介因素在PM与精神障碍关联中的中介作用。
我们的研究结果表明，PM与重度抑郁症（优势比（OR）：1.33，95%置信区间（CI）：1.11 - 1.55）、焦虑症（OR：2.96，95%CI：2.13 - 3.79）、精神分裂症（OR：1.55，95%CI：1.29 - 1.81）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）（OR：1.95，95%CI：1.66 - 2.24）呈正相关。出乎意料的是，PM与双相情感障碍呈负相关（OR：0.65，95%CI：0.37 - 0.93）。此外，PM与自闭症谱系障碍（OR：1.24，95%CI：0.83 - 1.65）、创伤后应激障碍（OR：1.51，95%CI：1.11 - 1.91）、强迫症（OR：0.81，95%CI： - 0.07 - 1.69）或神经性厌食症（OR：1.42，95%CI：0.86 - 1.98）无显著关联。使用两步孟德尔随机化的进一步分析表明，神经营养因子3介导了PM与ADHD关联的9.86%以及PM与精神分裂症关联的5.88%。敏感性分析支持了这些发现。
这项TSMR分析全面检验了PM暴露与九种常见精神障碍之间的因果关系，中介分析为潜在机制提供了见解。本研究旨在通过实证证据提高公众对空气质量如何影响心理健康的认识。
