Campisi Luca, La Motta Concettina, Napierska Dorota
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; Flashtox srl, Via Tosco Romagnola 136, 56025 Pontedera, PI, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jan 15;960:178276. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178276. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a commonly used plastic across Europe, poses a number of risks at various stages of its life cycle. The carcinogenicity of PVC monomer, the need to use high number and volume of problematic additives, the easiness of fragmentation compared to other thermoplastics, the high volume of use in everyday products and the resulting extent to which European population is potentially exposed to both microplastics and chemicals and, finally, continuous problems during waste management, have raised concerns about impacts of PVC on human health and the environment for decades. As far back as in 2000, the European Commission recognized that PVC causes a wide range of serious problems for the environment and human health. More recently, in April 2022, PVC and its additives were included in the European Union's Restrictions Roadmap, and the European Chemicals Agency's investigation ruled that, to limit the use of some additives and to minimize releases of PVC microparticles, regulatory action would be necessary. Additionally, the Global Plastics Treaty discussions emphasise a need to ensure that plastics that remain in the economy are free of hazardous chemicals, including hazardous polymers. In this paper, we reviewed the available data on PVC microplastic, additives, the end of life options of products made of PVC, and how they all are connected. It is crucial to consider this polymer within the broader context of chemical pollution and circular economy, acknowledging that changes in how we manage our resources are necessary to achieve the goal for a truly non-toxic environment in the future.
聚氯乙烯（PVC）是欧洲广泛使用的一种塑料，在其生命周期的各个阶段都存在一系列风险。PVC单体的致癌性、使用大量有问题添加剂的必要性、与其他热塑性塑料相比易于破碎、在日常产品中的大量使用以及欧洲人口因此可能接触微塑料和化学物质的程度，最后还有废物管理过程中持续存在的问题，几十年来一直引发人们对PVC对人类健康和环境影响的担忧。早在2000年，欧盟委员会就认识到PVC给环境和人类健康带来了广泛的严重问题。最近，在2022年4月，PVC及其添加剂被纳入欧盟的限制路线图，欧洲化学品管理局的调查裁定，为了限制某些添加剂的使用并尽量减少PVC微粒的释放，有必要采取监管行动。此外，全球塑料条约的讨论强调需要确保留在经济中的塑料不含危险化学品，包括危险聚合物。在本文中，我们回顾了关于PVC微塑料、添加剂、PVC制成产品的生命周期末端选择以及它们之间如何相互关联的现有数据。在化学污染和循环经济的更广泛背景下考虑这种聚合物至关重要，要认识到改变我们管理资源的方式对于实现未来真正无毒环境的目标是必要的。
