Leveau Lucas M, Bocelli Lucia, Quesada-Acuña Sergio Gabriel, González-Lagos César, Tapia Pablo Gutierrez, Dri Gabriela Franzoi, Delgado-V Carlos A, Garitano-Zavala Alvaro, Campos Jackeline, Benedetti Yanina, Ortega-Álvarez Rubén, Contreras-Rodríguez Anotnio Isain, Souza López Daniela, Fontana Carla Suertegaray, Silva Thaiane Weinert da, Zalewski Vargas Sarah S, Toledo Maria C B, Sarquis Juan Andres, Giraudo Alejandro, Echevarria Ada Lilian, Fanjul María Elisa, Martínez María Valeria, Haedo Josefina, Gonzalo Cano Sanz Luis, Peña Dominguez Yuri A, Fernandez-Maldonado Viviana, Marinero Veronica, Abilhoa Vinícius, Amorin Rafael, Escobar-Ibáñez Juan Fernando, Juri María Dolores, Camín Sergio R, Marone Luis, Piratelli Augusto João, Franchin Alexandre G, Crispim Larissa, Morelli Federico
Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Pab 2, Piso 4, Buenos Aires 1426, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José 2050, Sabanilla, Costa Rica.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Dec 10;14(24):3564. doi: 10.3390/ani14243564.
Urban parks and cemeteries constitute hot spots of bird diversity in urban areas. However, the seasonal dynamics of their bird communities have been scarcely explored at large scales. This study aims to analyze the drivers of urban bird assemblage seasonality in urban parks and cemeteries comparing assemblages during breeding and non-breeding seasons in the Neotropical Region. Since cemeteries have less human disturbance than urban parks, we expected differences in bird community seasonality between habitats. The seasonal change of species composition was partitioned into species turnover and nestedness. At large scales, the seasonal change of species composition was positively related to temperature seasonality and was higher in the Northern Hemisphere. At the landscape scale, the seasonal change of composition decreased in sites located in the most urbanized areas. At the local scale, sites with the highest habitat diversity and pedestrian traffic had the lowest seasonal change of composition. The species turnover was higher in the Northern Hemisphere, augmented with increasing annual temperature range, and decreased in urban parks. The species nestedness was positively related to habitat diversity. Our results showed that a multi-scale framework is essential to understand the seasonal changes of bird communities. Moreover, the two components of seasonal composition dissimilarity showed contrasting responses to environmental variables. Although the surrounding urbanization lowered the seasonal dynamics of urban green areas, cemeteries seem to conserve more seasonal changes than urban parks. Thus, urban cemeteries help to conserve the temporal dynamics of bird communities in cities.
城市公园和墓地是城市地区鸟类多样性的热点区域。然而，其鸟类群落的季节动态在大尺度上鲜有研究。本研究旨在分析新热带地区城市公园和墓地中城市鸟类群落季节性的驱动因素，比较繁殖季节和非繁殖季节的鸟类群落。由于墓地的人为干扰比城市公园少，我们预计不同栖息地的鸟类群落季节性会存在差异。物种组成的季节变化被分解为物种更替和嵌套度。在大尺度上，物种组成的季节变化与温度季节性呈正相关，且在北半球更高。在景观尺度上，位于城市化程度最高地区的地点，其组成的季节变化有所降低。在局部尺度上，栖息地多样性和行人流量最高的地点，其组成的季节变化最低。物种更替在北半球更高，随着年温度范围的增加而增大，在城市公园中则降低。物种嵌套度与栖息地多样性呈正相关。我们的研究结果表明，多尺度框架对于理解鸟类群落的季节变化至关重要。此外，季节组成差异的两个组成部分对环境变量表现出相反的响应。尽管周边城市化降低了城市绿地空间的季节动态，但墓地似乎比城市公园保留了更多的季节变化。因此，城市墓地有助于保护城市中鸟类群落的时间动态。
