Wang Yiran, Li Bin, Xu Bo, Qin Wen
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Dec 15;14(24):3621. doi: 10.3390/ani14243621.
The gut microbiota is integral to the health and adaptability of wild herbivores. Interactions with soil microbiota can shape the composition and function of the gut microbiota, thereby influencing the hosts' adaptive strategies. As a result, soil microbiota plays a pivotal role in enabling wild herbivores to thrive in extreme environments. However, the influence of soil microbiota from distinct regions on host's gut microbiota has often been overlooked. We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of the composition and diversity of gut and soil microbiota in goitered gazelles across six regions in the Qaidam Basin, utilizing source tracking and ecological assembly process analyses. Significant differences were observed in the composition and diversity of soil and gut microbiota among the six groups. Source tracking analysis revealed that soil microbiota in the GangciGC (GC) group contributed the highest proportion to fecal microbiota (8.94%), while the Huaitoutala (HTTL) group contributed the lowest proportion (1.80%). The GC group also exhibited the lowest α-diversity in gut microbiota. The observed differences in gut microbial composition and diversity among goitered gazelles from six regions in the Qaidam Basin were closely tied to their adaptive strategies. Ecological assembly process analysis indicated that the gut microbiota were primarily influenced by stochastic processes, whereas deterministic processes dominated most soil microbial groups. Both the differences and commonalities in gut and soil microbiota play essential roles in enabling these gazelles to adapt to diverse environments. Notably, the utilization pattern of soil microbiota by gut microbiota did not align with regional trends in gut microbial α-diversity. This discrepancy may be attributed to variations in environmental pressures and the gut's filtering capacity, allowing gazelles to selectively acquire microbiota from soil to maintain homeostasis. This study highlights the significant regional variation in gut and soil microbiota diversity among goitered gazelle populations in the Qaidam Basin and underscores the critical role of soil-derived microbiota in their environmental adaptation.
肠道微生物群对于野生食草动物的健康和适应能力至关重要。与土壤微生物群的相互作用可以塑造肠道微生物群的组成和功能，从而影响宿主的适应策略。因此，土壤微生物群在使野生食草动物在极端环境中茁壮成长方面发挥着关键作用。然而，不同地区的土壤微生物群对宿主肠道微生物群的影响常常被忽视。我们首次对柴达木盆地六个地区的鹅喉羚肠道和土壤微生物群的组成和多样性进行了全面分析，采用了溯源分析和生态组装过程分析。六个组的土壤和肠道微生物群在组成和多样性上存在显著差异。溯源分析表明，尕斯库勒（GC）组的土壤微生物群对粪便微生物群的贡献比例最高（8.94%），而怀头他拉（HTTL）组的贡献比例最低（1.80%）。GC组的肠道微生物群α多样性也最低。柴达木盆地六个地区的鹅喉羚肠道微生物组成和多样性的差异与它们的适应策略密切相关。生态组装过程分析表明，肠道微生物群主要受随机过程影响，而确定性过程在大多数土壤微生物类群中占主导地位。肠道和土壤微生物群的差异和共性在使这些羚羊适应不同环境方面都起着重要作用。值得注意的是，肠道微生物群对土壤微生物群的利用模式与肠道微生物α多样性的区域趋势不一致。这种差异可能归因于环境压力和肠道过滤能力的变化，使鹅喉羚能够选择性地从土壤中获取微生物群以维持体内平衡。这项研究突出了柴达木盆地鹅喉羚种群肠道和土壤微生物群多样性的显著区域差异，并强调了土壤来源的微生物群在它们环境适应中的关键作用。
