Cai Pengyu, Wang Zhenhua, Zhang Shouyu, Yu Jintao
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Ranching, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Nov 22;13(12):963. doi: 10.3390/biology13120963.
In recent decades, China's large-scale stock enhancement programs to restore the collapsing large yellow croaker () fishery resources have not yielded the desired results, and a comprehensive analysis of the underlying reasons for this problem is required. Based on small yellow croaker () catch survey data obtained from 15 fishing ports along the coast of the East China Sea, we examined the proportion of large yellow croakers mixed in the small yellow croaker catch and their biological parameters. In addition, we analyzed the differences in the intestinal microbiota and feeding ecology between these two species to explore the reason why the stock enhancement program failed to achieve the desired outcome. The results show that there is a high likelihood of the two species appearing in each other's ecological niches, and there is a significant overlap in their dietary ecology. They may cohabitate and form a guild. The fishing season targeting the small yellow croaker indirectly catches the large yellow croaker population, which puts huge fishing pressure on large yellow croaker resource and shows obvious overfishing. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize and adjust the fishing ban policy and stock enhancement strategies, appropriately reducing the fishing intensity after the fishing ban to facilitate the effective accumulation of resource replenishment effects during the fishing ban period, thus effectively restoring wild large yellow croaker resources.
近几十年来，中国为恢复崩溃的大黄鱼渔业资源而实施的大规模放流增殖计划并未取得预期效果，需要对这一问题的潜在原因进行全面分析。基于从东海沿岸15个渔港获得的小黄鱼渔获调查数据，我们研究了小黄鱼渔获中混入的大黄鱼比例及其生物学参数。此外，我们分析了这两个物种肠道微生物群和摄食生态的差异，以探究放流增殖计划未能达到预期效果的原因。结果表明，这两个物种在彼此生态位中出现的可能性很高，它们的饮食生态存在显著重叠。它们可能共存并形成一个群落。以小黄鱼为目标的捕捞季节间接捕获了大黄鱼种群，这给大黄鱼资源带来了巨大捕捞压力，并呈现出明显的过度捕捞现象。因此，有必要优化和调整禁渔政策及放流增殖策略，在禁渔后适当降低捕捞强度，以利于禁渔期间资源补充效果的有效积累，从而有效恢复野生大黄鱼资源。
