Wei Zhixiao, Hu Xiao, Wu Yumeng, Zhou Liming, Zhao Manhan, Lin Qiong
School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Biomolecules. 2024 Nov 27;14(12):1517. doi: 10.3390/biom14121517.
Autophagy is an important catabolic process to maintain cellular homeostasis and antagonize cellular stresses. The initiation and activation are two of the most important aspects of the autophagic process. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying autophagy initiation and activation and signaling pathways regulating the activation of autophagy found in recent years. These findings include autophagy initiation by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), autophagy initiation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, and the signaling pathways mediated by the ULK1 complex, the mTOR complex, the AMPK complex, and the PI3KC3 complex. Through the review, we attempt to present current research progress in autophagy regulation and forward our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy initiation and activation.
自噬是维持细胞稳态和对抗细胞应激的重要分解代谢过程。起始和激活是自噬过程中两个最重要的方面。本综述聚焦于近年来发现的自噬起始和激活的潜在机制以及调节自噬激活的信号通路。这些发现包括通过液-液相分离（LLPS）引发自噬、在内质网（ER）和高尔基体中起始自噬，以及由ULK1复合物、mTOR复合物、AMPK复合物和PI3KC3复合物介导的信号通路。通过本综述，我们试图展示自噬调控的当前研究进展，并提出我们对自噬起始和激活的调控机制及信号通路的理解。
