Zhou Hanxuan
Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Entropy (Basel). 2024 Dec 18;26(12):1108. doi: 10.3390/e26121108.
In this paper, by using eleven entangled quantum states as a quantum channel, we propose a cyclic and asymmetric novel protocol for four participants in which both Alice and Bob can transmit two-qubit states, and Charlie can transmit three-qubit states with the assistance of the supervisor David, who provides a guarantee for communication security. This protocol is based on GHZ state measurement (GHZ), single-qubit measurement (SM), and unitary operations (UO) to implement the communication task. The analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed protocol can reach 100%. Furthermore, considering that in actual production environments, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of noise in quantum channels, this paper also analyzes the changes in fidelity in four types of noisy scenarios: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, and depolarizing noise. Showing that communication quality only depends on the amplitude parameters of the initial state and decoherence rate. Additionally, we give a comparison with previous similar schemes in terms of achieved method and intrinsic efficiency, which illustrates the superiority of our protocol. Finally, in response to the vulnerability of quantum channels to external attacks, a security analysis was conducted, and corresponding defensive measures were proposed.
在本文中，我们使用十一个纠缠量子态作为量子通道，为四个参与者提出了一种循环且不对称的新颖协议。在该协议中，爱丽丝和鲍勃都可以传输两比特态，查理可以在监督者大卫的协助下传输三比特态，大卫为通信安全提供保障。此协议基于格林伯格 - 霍恩 - 泽林格（GHZ）态测量（GHZ）、单比特测量（SM）和酉操作（UO）来实现通信任务。分析表明，所提协议的成功概率可达100%。此外，考虑到在实际生产环境中，量子通道难以避免噪声的出现，本文还分析了四种噪声场景下保真度的变化：比特翻转噪声、相位翻转噪声、比特 - 相位翻转噪声和退极化噪声。结果表明，通信质量仅取决于初始态的幅度参数和退相干率。此外，我们在实现方法和固有效率方面与先前的类似方案进行了比较，这说明了我们协议的优越性。最后，针对量子通道易受外部攻击的脆弱性进行了安全分析，并提出了相应的防御措施。
