Kolanek Agata, Cemaga Roman, Maciejczyk Mateusz
Students' Scientific Club "Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases" at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Dec 14;14(24):2814. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14242814.
The World Health Organization in 2021 ranked Alzheimer's disease and other dementias as the seventh leading cause of death globally. Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive, intractable, and often fatal diseases. Early diagnosis may allow patients to enjoy prolonged survival with attenuated symptomatology because of early intervention. Hence, further research on finding non-invasive biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases is warranted. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress regulation, and inflammation. It is expressed in various body fluids and regions of the central nervous system. ApoD's roles in neuroprotection, lipid transport, and anti-inflammatory processes are crucial as far as the prevention of neurodegenerative pathologies is concerned. This review aims to summarize the background knowledge on ApoD, and it covers studies indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. It discusses the evidence for the multifaceted roles of ApoD in the mechanisms and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. ApoD may be a specific, sensitive, easily obtained, cost-effective biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases and its applications in diagnostic practices, treatment strategies, and advancing neurodegenerative disorders' management.
世界卫生组织在2021年将阿尔茨海默病和其他痴呆症列为全球第七大死因。神经退行性疾病是渐进性、难治性且往往致命的疾病。早期诊断可能使患者因早期干预而症状减轻，生存期延长。因此，有必要进一步研究寻找神经退行性疾病的非侵入性生物标志物。载脂蛋白D（ApoD）是一种参与脂质代谢、氧化应激调节和炎症反应的糖蛋白。它在各种体液和中枢神经系统区域表达。就预防神经退行性病变而言，ApoD在神经保护、脂质转运和抗炎过程中的作用至关重要。本综述旨在总结关于ApoD的背景知识，涵盖了在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中索引的研究。它讨论了ApoD在多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的机制和发病机制中多方面作用的证据。ApoD可能是一种用于神经退行性疾病的特异性、敏感性、易于获取且具有成本效益的生物标志物，及其在诊断实践、治疗策略和推进神经退行性疾病管理方面的应用。
