Rolfo Alessandro, Cosma Stefano, Nuzzo Anna Maria, Moretti Laura, Tancredi Annalisa, Canosa Stefano, Revelli Alberto, Benedetto Chiara
Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecology and Obstetrics 2, City of Health and Science-S. Anna University Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, City of Health and Science-S. Anna University Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2024 Nov 29;14(12):1571. doi: 10.3390/life14121571.
Pregnancy has been identified as a risk factor for severe COVID-19, leading to maternal and neonatal complications. The safety and effects of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy, particularly on placental function and oxidative stress (OxS), remain underexplored. We investigated the impact of vaccination on third-trimester placental antioxidant defense markers.
Ninety full-term pregnant women were divided into the following groups: vaccinated (n = 27) and unvaccinated (n = 25) COVID-19-positive pregnant women; control subgroups were composed of vaccinated (n = 19) or unvaccinated (n = 19) COVID-19-negative women with a healthy term singleton pregnancy with no signs of COVID-19. Placental samples were collected after delivery. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), gene expression of HIF-1α, and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and CAT-SOD1 enzymatic activity were measured.
COVID-19-positive placentae exhibited significantly higher TBARS and HIF-1α levels compared to controls, regardless of vaccination status. Vaccination significantly increased placental CAT and SOD1 expression and activity in COVID-19-positive women, suggesting enhanced antioxidant defense. Unvaccinated women showed a higher incidence of COVID-19 symptoms and lower antioxidant enzyme activity.
SARS-CoV-2 infection induced placental OxS, which is countered by a placental adaptive antioxidant response. Vaccination during pregnancy enhances placental defense, further supporting the safety and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing complications and protecting fetal development.
妊娠已被确定为重症新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的一个风险因素，可导致孕产妇和新生儿并发症。孕期接种严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗的安全性和效果，尤其是对胎盘功能和氧化应激（OxS）的影响，仍未得到充分研究。我们调查了接种疫苗对孕晚期胎盘抗氧化防御标志物的影响。
90名足月孕妇被分为以下几组：接种疫苗的COVID-19阳性孕妇（n = 27）和未接种疫苗的COVID-19阳性孕妇（n = 25）；对照组亚组由接种疫苗的（n = 19）或未接种疫苗的（n = 19）COVID-19阴性健康单胎足月孕妇组成，这些孕妇无COVID-19迹象。分娩后收集胎盘样本。测量脂质过氧化（TBARS）、缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）的基因表达以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶-1（SOD1）和CAT-SOD1的酶活性。
无论疫苗接种状态如何，与对照组相比，COVID-19阳性胎盘的TBARS和HIF-1α水平均显著更高。接种疫苗显著增加了COVID-19阳性女性胎盘的CAT和SOD1表达及活性，表明抗氧化防御增强。未接种疫苗的女性COVID-19症状发生率更高，抗氧化酶活性更低。
SARS-CoV-2感染诱导胎盘OxS，胎盘通过适应性抗氧化反应进行对抗。孕期接种疫苗可增强胎盘防御，进一步支持COVID-19疫苗接种在预防并发症和保护胎儿发育方面的安全性和益处。
