Woelbern Alina Mai, Ramm Franziska
Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 11;25(24):13293. doi: 10.3390/ijms252413293.
Naturally occurring protein toxins can derive from bacteria, fungi, plants, and animal venom. Traditionally, toxins are known for their destructive effects on host cells. Despite, and sometimes even because of, these harmful effects, toxins have been used for medical benefits. The prerequisite for the development of toxin-based medications or treatments against toxins is thorough knowledge about the toxin and its underlying mechanism of action. Thus, the toxin of interest must be synthesized. Traditional cell-based production requires high laboratory safety standards and often results in a low total protein yield due to the toxin's harmful, cytotoxic nature. These drawbacks can be circumvented by using cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS), a highly adaptable platform technology relying on cell lysates rather than living cells. This review discusses the current advances in cell-free synthesis of protein toxins as well as their uses and applications for pharmaceutical and diagnostic purposes.
天然存在的蛋白质毒素可源自细菌、真菌、植物和动物毒液。传统上，毒素因其对宿主细胞的破坏作用而闻名。尽管有时甚至正是由于这些有害作用，但毒素已被用于医疗用途。开发基于毒素的药物或抗毒素治疗方法的前提是要全面了解毒素及其潜在作用机制。因此，必须合成感兴趣的毒素。传统的基于细胞的生产需要高标准的实验室安全条件，而且由于毒素具有有害的细胞毒性，总蛋白产量往往较低。使用无细胞蛋白质合成（CFPS）可以规避这些缺点，CFPS是一种高度适应性强的平台技术，它依赖细胞裂解物而非活细胞。本综述讨论了蛋白质毒素无细胞合成的当前进展及其在制药和诊断方面的用途和应用。
