Liu Binhan, Liu Tao, Li Yanhong, Tan Chunyu
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 13;25(24):13384. doi: 10.3390/ijms252413384.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most prevalent degenerative joint disorders worldwide, particularly affecting the aging population and imposing significant disability and economic burdens. The disease is characterized by progressive degradation of articular cartilage and chronic inflammation, with no effective long-term treatments currently available to address the underlying causes of its progression. Conventional therapies primarily manage symptoms such as pain and inflammation but fail to repair damaged tissues. Emerging biotherapies and regenerative medicine approaches offer promising alternatives by addressing cartilage repair and inflammation control at the molecular level. This review explores the recent advancements in biotherapeutic strategies, including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, growth factors, and tissue engineering, which hold the potential for promoting cartilage regeneration and modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Additionally, the integration of nanotechnology has opened new avenues for targeted drug delivery systems and the development of innovative nanomaterials that can further enhance the efficacy of biotherapies by precisely targeting inflammation and cartilage damage. This article concludes by discussing the current clinical applications, the ongoing clinical trials, and the future research directions necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these advanced therapies for OA management. With these advancements, biotherapies combined with nanotechnology may revolutionize the future of OA treatment by offering precise and effective solutions for long-term disease management and improved patient outcomes.
骨关节炎（OA）是全球最常见的退行性关节疾病之一，尤其影响老年人群体，并带来严重的残疾和经济负担。该疾病的特征是关节软骨进行性退化和慢性炎症，目前尚无有效的长期治疗方法来解决其进展的根本原因。传统疗法主要是控制疼痛和炎症等症状，但无法修复受损组织。新兴的生物疗法和再生医学方法通过在分子水平上解决软骨修复和炎症控制问题，提供了有前景的替代方案。本综述探讨了生物治疗策略的最新进展，包括间充质干细胞（MSC）治疗、生长因子和组织工程，这些策略具有促进软骨再生和调节炎症微环境的潜力。此外，纳米技术的整合为靶向药物递送系统和创新纳米材料的开发开辟了新途径，这些纳米材料可以通过精确靶向炎症和软骨损伤进一步提高生物疗法的疗效。本文最后讨论了当前的临床应用、正在进行的临床试验以及确认这些先进疗法治疗OA安全性和有效性所需的未来研究方向。随着这些进展，生物疗法与纳米技术相结合可能会彻底改变OA治疗的未来，为长期疾病管理提供精确有效的解决方案，并改善患者预后。
