Buzaglo Glenda B B, Telles Guilherme D, Araújo Rafaela B, Junior Gilmar D S, Ruberti Olivia M, Ferreira Marina L V, Derchain Sophie F M, Vechin Felipe C, Conceição Miguel S
Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista, Sao Paulo 12916-900, Brazil.
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 23;25(24):13740. doi: 10.3390/ijms252413740.
The global increase in cancer cases and mortality has been associated with inflammatory processes, in which chemokines play crucial roles. These molecules, a subfamily of cytokines, are essential for the migration, adhesion, interaction, and positioning of immune cells throughout the body. Chemokines primarily originate in response to pathogenic stimuli and inflammatory cytokines. They are expressed by lymphocytes in the bloodstream and are divided into four classes (CC, CXC, XC, and CX3C), playing multifaceted roles in the tumor environment (TME). In the TME, chemokines regulate immune behavior by recruiting cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which promote tumor survival. Additionally, they directly influence tumor behavior, promoting pathological angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. On the other hand, chemokines can also induce antitumor responses by mobilizing CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor, reducing pro-inflammatory chemokines and enhancing essential antitumor responses. Given the complex interaction between chemokines, the immune system, angiogenic factors, and metastasis, it becomes evident how important it is to target these pathways in therapeutic interventions to counteract cancer progression. In this context, physical exercise emerges as a promising strategy due to its role modulating the expression of anti-inflammatory chemokines and enhancing the antitumor response. Aerobic and resistance exercises have been associated with a beneficial inflammatory profile in cancer, increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the TME, and improvement of intratumoral vasculature. This creates an environment less favorable to tumor growth and supports the circulation of antitumor immune cells and chemokines. Therefore, understanding the impact of exercise on the expression of chemokines can provide valuable insights for therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment and prevention.
全球癌症病例和死亡率的上升与炎症过程有关，趋化因子在其中发挥着关键作用。这些分子是细胞因子的一个亚家族，对于免疫细胞在全身的迁移、黏附、相互作用和定位至关重要。趋化因子主要是在对致病刺激和炎性细胞因子作出反应时产生的。它们由血液中的淋巴细胞表达，并分为四类（CC、CXC、XC和CX3C），在肿瘤微环境（TME）中发挥多方面作用。在肿瘤微环境中，趋化因子通过招募肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）和髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）等细胞来调节免疫行为，从而促进肿瘤存活。此外，它们还直接影响肿瘤行为，促进病理性血管生成、侵袭和转移。另一方面，趋化因子也可以通过将CD8 + T细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞动员到肿瘤部位、减少促炎趋化因子并增强重要的抗肿瘤反应来诱导抗肿瘤反应。鉴于趋化因子、免疫系统、血管生成因子和转移之间复杂的相互作用，在治疗干预中靶向这些途径以对抗癌症进展的重要性就显而易见了。在这种背景下，体育锻炼因其在调节抗炎趋化因子表达和增强抗肿瘤反应方面的作用而成为一种有前景的策略。有氧运动和抗阻运动与癌症中有益的炎症特征、肿瘤微环境中CD8 + T细胞浸润增加以及肿瘤内血管系统的改善有关。这创造了一个不利于肿瘤生长的环境，并支持抗肿瘤免疫细胞和趋化因子的循环。因此，了解运动对趋化因子表达的影响可为癌症治疗和预防的治疗干预提供有价值的见解。
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