Razo-León Alvaro Edwin, Muñoz-Urias Alejandro, Uribe-Mú Claudia Aurora, Huerta-Martínez Francisco Martín, Fierros-López Hugo Eduardo, Vásquez-Bolaños Miguel, Moya-Raygoza Gustavo, Carrillo-Reyes Pablo
Departamento de Ecología Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Jalisco, Mexico.
Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Jalisco, Mexico.
Insects. 2024 Dec 20;15(12):1009. doi: 10.3390/insects15121009.
Bees rely on plants for nutrition and reproduction, making the preservation of natural areas crucial as pollinator reservoirs. Seasonal tropical dry forests are among the richest habitats for bees, but only 27% of their original extent remains in Mexico. In contrast, temperate forests harbor fewer bee species and face high deforestation rates, with 40% of their area converted to other land uses. This study aimed to estimate the α and β diversities of wild bees and compare bee-plant interaction networks between these two vegetation types.
Wild bees and their interactions with plants were monitored for one year in four sites within the Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Sierra de Quila. Two sites corresponded to seasonal tropical dry forest and two to temperate forest. α and β diversity, connectance, nestedness, web asymmetry, and niche overlap were analyzed.
Sierra de Quila harbors high bee diversity, with 155 species in tropical dry forest and 103 in temperate forest. Species turnover between vegetation types was high, although nine species used floral resources in both forests, connecting the interaction networks.
Sierra de Quila diverse habitats promote high bee diversity, with niche partitioning and low connectance facilitating coexistence across different vegetation types.
蜜蜂依靠植物获取营养和进行繁殖，这使得保护自然区域作为传粉者的栖息地至关重要。季节性热带干旱森林是蜜蜂最丰富的栖息地之一，但在墨西哥，其原始面积仅剩下27%。相比之下，温带森林中的蜜蜂种类较少，且面临着高森林砍伐率，其40%的面积已转变为其他土地用途。本研究旨在估计野生蜜蜂的α和β多样性，并比较这两种植被类型之间的蜜蜂 - 植物相互作用网络。
在基拉山脉动植物保护区内的四个地点对野生蜜蜂及其与植物的相互作用进行了为期一年的监测。两个地点对应季节性热带干旱森林，两个对应温带森林。分析了α和β多样性、连通性、嵌套性、网络不对称性和生态位重叠。
基拉山脉拥有丰富的蜜蜂多样性，热带干旱森林中有155种，温带森林中有103种。尽管有9种蜜蜂在两种森林中都利用花卉资源，连接了相互作用网络，但不同植被类型之间的物种周转率很高。
基拉山脉多样的栖息地促进了高蜜蜂多样性，生态位划分和低连通性有利于不同植被类型之间的共存。
