Huts Andriy, Konkol Janusz, Marchuk Vitalii
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, 33028 Rivne, Ukraine.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Dec 10;17(24):6025. doi: 10.3390/ma17246025.
By volume, cement concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. This requires a significant amount of Portland cement, and the cement industry, in turn, causes a significant amount of CO emissions. Therefore, the development of concrete with a reduced cement content is becoming an urgent problem for countries with a significant level of production and consumption of concrete. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to critically investigate the possibility of using inert granite dust in combination with highly active silica fume in reactive powder concrete. The main physical and mechanical properties, such as the compressive strength at different curing ages and the water absorption, were studied using mathematical planning of experiments. The consistency and microstructure of the reactive powder concrete modified with granite dust in combination with silica fume were also analyzed. Mathematical models of the main properties of this concrete are presented and analyzed, and the graphical dependencies of the influence of composition factors are constructed. A more significant factor that affects the compressive strength at all curing ages is the silica fume content, increases in which to 50 kg/m lead to a 25-40% increase in strength at 1 day of age, depending on the granite dust content. In turn, an increase in the amount of granite dust from 0 kg/m to 100 kg/m in the absence of silica is followed by an increase in strength of 8-10%. After 3 days of curing, the effect of granite dust becomes more significant. Increases in the 28-day strength of 25%, 46% and 56% were obtained at a content of 50 kg/m of silica fume and 0 kg/m, 100 kg/m and 200 kg/m of granite dust in concrete, respectively. It is shown that the effect of inert granite dust is more significant in combination with silica fume at its maximum content in the range of variation. The pozzolanic reaction between highly active silica and Ca(OH) stimulates the formation of hydrate phases in the space between the grains and causes the microstructure of the cement matrix to compact. In this case, the granite dust particles act as crystallization centers.
按体积计算，水泥混凝土是世界上使用最广泛的建筑材料之一。这需要大量的波特兰水泥，而水泥行业反过来又会产生大量的二氧化碳排放。因此，对于混凝土生产和消费量大的国家来说，开发水泥用量减少的混凝土正成为一个紧迫的问题。因此，本文的目的是批判性地研究在活性粉末混凝土中使用惰性花岗岩粉尘与高活性硅灰相结合的可能性。通过实验的数学规划研究了不同养护龄期的抗压强度和吸水率等主要物理和力学性能。还分析了用花岗岩粉尘与硅灰改性的活性粉末混凝土的稠度和微观结构。给出并分析了这种混凝土主要性能的数学模型，并构建了组成因素影响的图形相关性。影响所有养护龄期抗压强度的一个更重要因素是硅灰含量，根据花岗岩粉尘含量的不同，硅灰含量增加到50kg/m³时，1天龄期的强度会提高25% - 40%。反过来，在没有硅灰的情况下，花岗岩粉尘量从0kg/m³增加到100kg/m³，强度会提高8% - 10%。养护3天后，花岗岩粉尘的作用变得更加显著。在混凝土中硅灰含量为50kg/m³、花岗岩粉尘含量分别为0kg/m³、100kg/m³和200kg/m³时，28天强度分别提高了25%、46%和56%。结果表明，在变化范围内，惰性花岗岩粉尘与最大含量的硅灰结合时效果更显著。高活性二氧化硅与Ca(OH)₂之间的火山灰反应刺激了颗粒间空间中水化物相的形成，并使水泥基体的微观结构致密化。在这种情况下，花岗岩粉尘颗粒起到了结晶中心的作用。
