Sic Aleksandar, Manzar Aarish, Knezevic Nebojsa Nick
Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 16;16(24):4342. doi: 10.3390/nu16244342.
Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition resulting from nerve damage, characterized by sensations such as burning, tingling, and shooting pain. It is often associated with conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and diabetic polyneuropathy. Conventional pain therapies frequently provide limited relief and are accompanied by significant side effects, emphasizing the need to explore alternative treatment options. Phytochemicals, which are bioactive compounds derived from plants, have gained attention for their potential in neuropathic pain management due to their diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. This review evaluates the mechanisms by which specific phytochemicals, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and capsaicin, influence neuropathic pain pathways, particularly their role in modulating inflammatory processes, reducing oxidative stress, and interacting with ion channels and signaling pathways. While curcumin and resveratrol are primarily considered dietary supplements, their roles in managing neuropathic pain require further clinical investigation to establish their efficacy and safety. In contrast, capsaicin is an active ingredient derived from chili peppers that has been developed into approved topical treatments widely used for managing neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain. However, not all phytochemicals have demonstrated consistent efficacy in managing neuropathic pain, and their effects can vary depending on the compound and the specific condition. The pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, involving maladaptive changes in the somatosensory nervous system, peripheral and central sensitization, and glial cell activation, is also outlined. Overall, this review emphasizes the need for continued high-quality clinical studies to fully establish the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in neuropathic pain management.
神经性疼痛是一种由神经损伤导致的复杂且使人衰弱的病症，其特征为灼痛、刺痛和射痛等感觉。它常与多发性硬化症（MS）、格林-巴利综合征（GBS）和糖尿病性多发性神经病等病症相关。传统的疼痛疗法常常只能提供有限的缓解，且伴有显著的副作用，这凸显了探索替代治疗方案的必要性。植物化学物质是从植物中提取的生物活性化合物，由于其具有抗炎、抗氧化和神经保护等多种药理特性，在神经性疼痛管理方面的潜力受到了关注。本综述评估了姜黄素、白藜芦醇和辣椒素等特定植物化学物质影响神经性疼痛通路的机制，特别是它们在调节炎症过程、减轻氧化应激以及与离子通道和信号通路相互作用方面的作用。虽然姜黄素和白藜芦醇主要被视为膳食补充剂，但它们在管理神经性疼痛方面的作用需要进一步的临床研究来确定其疗效和安全性。相比之下，辣椒素是从辣椒中提取的一种活性成分，已被开发成获批的局部治疗药物，广泛用于管理神经性和肌肉骨骼疼痛。然而，并非所有植物化学物质在管理神经性疼痛方面都显示出一致的疗效，其效果可能因化合物和具体病症而异。文中还概述了神经性疼痛的病理生理学，包括躯体感觉神经系统的适应性不良变化、外周和中枢敏化以及胶质细胞激活。总体而言，本综述强调需要持续进行高质量的临床研究，以充分确定植物化学物质在神经性疼痛管理中的治疗潜力。
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