Ji Hua, Shi Xiaochen, Yang Hongjun
Winner Institute for Innovation Research, Winner Medical Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Dec 18;16(24):3528. doi: 10.3390/polym16243528.
Artificial blood vessels made from polyurethane (PU) have been researched for many years but are not yet in clinical use. The main reason was that the PU materials are prone to degradation after contact with blood and will also cause inflammation after long-term implantation. At present, PU has made progress in biostability and biocompatibility, respectively. The PU for artificial blood vessels still requires a balance between material stability and biocompatibility to maintain its long-term stability in vivo, which needs to be further optimized. Based on the requirement of PU materials for artificial vascular applications, this paper views the development of biostable PU, bioactive PU, and bioresorbable PU. The improvement of biostable PU from the monomer structure, chemical composition, and additives are discussed to improve the long-term biostability in vivo. The surface grafting and functionalization methods of bioactive PU to reduce thrombosis and promote endothelialization for improving biocompatibility are summarized. In addition, the bioresorbable PU for tissue-engineered artificial blood vessels is discussed to balance between the degradation rate and mechanical properties. The ideal PU materials for artificial blood vessels must have good mechanical properties, stability, and biocompatibility at the same time. Finally, the application potential of PU materials in artificial vascular is prospected.
由聚氨酯（PU）制成的人造血管已经研究多年，但尚未投入临床使用。主要原因是PU材料与血液接触后容易降解，长期植入后还会引发炎症。目前，PU在生物稳定性和生物相容性方面分别取得了进展。用于人造血管的PU仍需要在材料稳定性和生物相容性之间取得平衡，以维持其在体内的长期稳定性，这需要进一步优化。基于PU材料在人造血管应用方面的要求，本文探讨了生物稳定型PU、生物活性PU和生物可吸收PU的发展情况。讨论了从单体结构、化学成分和添加剂等方面对生物稳定型PU进行改进，以提高其在体内的长期生物稳定性。总结了生物活性PU的表面接枝和功能化方法，以减少血栓形成并促进内皮化，从而提高生物相容性。此外，还讨论了用于组织工程人造血管的生物可吸收PU，以在降解速率和机械性能之间取得平衡。理想的人造血管PU材料必须同时具备良好的机械性能、稳定性和生物相容性。最后，展望了PU材料在人造血管中的应用潜力。
