Auzmendi Iriarte Iñigo, Saez de Egilaz Oier, Gonzalez de Alaiza Martinez Pedro, Herrera Imanol
IDEKO Research Center, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20870 Elgoibar, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Dec 13;24(24):7962. doi: 10.3390/s24247962.
Traditional marker-based photogrammetry systems often require the attachment and removal of a sticker for each measured point, involving labor-intensive manual steps. This paper presents an innovative approach that utilizes raised, cross-shaped markers, referred to as 'molded markers', directly embedded into composite pieces. In this study, these markers, commonly employed in other industrial processes, serve as fiducial markers for accurate photogrammetry. A two-stage detection algorithm is developed to accurately identify their centers: initial approximate detection by a Faster R-CNN model, followed by accurate localization using a classical cross center detection algorithm. This study investigates the pertinence of using polarimetric images to guarantee the highest detection rate and accuracy even in adverse lighting conditions. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of using these markers in accurate photogrammetry systems, achieving a median accuracy of 0.170 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.069 to 0.368) mm/m while enhancing automation and system usability.
传统的基于标记的摄影测量系统通常需要为每个测量点粘贴和移除贴纸，涉及劳动密集型的手动步骤。本文提出了一种创新方法，该方法利用直接嵌入复合材料部件中的凸起十字形标记，即“模制标记”。在本研究中，这些在其他工业过程中常用的标记用作精确摄影测量的基准标记。开发了一种两阶段检测算法来准确识别它们的中心：首先由Faster R-CNN模型进行初始近似检测，然后使用经典的十字中心检测算法进行精确定位。本研究探讨了使用偏振图像的相关性，以确保即使在不利的光照条件下也能实现最高的检测率和精度。实验结果证明了在精确摄影测量系统中使用这些标记的可行性，实现了0.170（四分位间距（IQR）为0.069至0.368）mm/m的中位数精度，同时提高了自动化程度和系统可用性。
