Vilela Luísa, Silva Anabela, Cruz Alberta, Sousa Madalena, Costa Margarida, Fonseca Fernando, Campino Susana, Clark Taane G, Miranda Anabela
Local Health Unit Póvoa de Varzim/Vila do Conde, Largo da Misericórdia, 4490-421 Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal.
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Nov 30;12(12):1358. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121358.
A vaccination programme against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was initiated in Portugal in December 2020. In this study, we report the findings of a prospective cohort study implemented with the objective of monitoring antibody production in response to COVID-19 vaccination. The humoral immune response to vaccination was followed up using blood samples collected from 191 healthcare workers. Participants were split into three groups: the Oxford-AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria) vaccine group ( = 68), the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (Comirnaty) vaccine group ( = 51), and the Post-COVID group ( = 72). The kinetics of anti-spike antibody production were evaluated until 56 days on average after the third dose (booster). We observed that antibody titres peaked approximately one month after full vaccination and declined steadily thereafter. We also found that mRNA vaccination induces higher titres of antibodies than viral vector vaccination, and both generate greater antibody responses than mild or moderate COVID-19. Additionally, whilst the booster for the Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech groups led to antibody levels higher than those at any previous sample collection point, the booster for the Post-COVID group (persons with a history of COVID-19 prior to vaccination) led to antibody levels lower than those attained one month after the second dose. Our results indicate that there are different kinetics of antibody production between individuals who received the Pfizer-BioNtech mRNA vaccine and those who received the Oxford-AstraZeneca vector vaccine, or individuals who had COVID-19 before being vaccinated. Additionally, we observed that exposure to either natural infection or vaccination modulates the response to subsequent vaccination. This is particularly evident after administration of the third dose to the Post-COVID group, where our findings point to a hindrance in vaccine boosting, probably due to unwanted feedback by high titres of pre-existing antibodies.
2020年12月，葡萄牙启动了针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2的疫苗接种计划。在本研究中，我们报告了一项前瞻性队列研究的结果，该研究旨在监测接种新冠疫苗后的抗体产生情况。我们使用从191名医护人员采集的血样对疫苗接种后的体液免疫反应进行了随访。参与者被分为三组：牛津-阿斯利康（Vaxzevria）疫苗组（n = 68）、辉瑞-生物科技新冠疫苗（Comirnaty）组（n = 51）和新冠康复组（n = 72）。评估了第三剂（加强针）后平均56天内抗刺突抗体产生的动力学。我们观察到，抗体滴度在全程接种后约一个月达到峰值，此后稳步下降。我们还发现，mRNA疫苗接种诱导产生的抗体滴度高于病毒载体疫苗接种，且两者产生的抗体反应均强于轻度或中度新冠感染。此外，虽然牛津-阿斯利康组和辉瑞-生物科技组的加强针导致抗体水平高于之前任何样本采集点，但新冠康复组（接种疫苗前有新冠病史的人）的加强针导致抗体水平低于第二剂接种后一个月时的水平。我们的结果表明，接种辉瑞-生物科技mRNA疫苗的个体与接种牛津-阿斯利康载体疫苗的个体之间，或接种疫苗前感染过新冠的个体之间，抗体产生的动力学有所不同。此外，我们观察到，自然感染或疫苗接种都会调节对后续疫苗接种的反应。这在对新冠康复组接种第三剂后尤为明显，我们的研究结果表明疫苗加强存在障碍，可能是由于高水平的预先存在抗体产生了不良反馈。
