Vilhelmova-Ilieva Neli, Mantareva Vanya, Braikova Diana, Iliev Ivan
Department of Virology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Viruses. 2024 Dec 18;16(12):1937. doi: 10.3390/v16121937.
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been revealed as a valuable approach against viral infections because of the fast therapeutic effect and low possibility of resistance development. The photodynamic inhibition of the infectivity of human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain Victoria at different stages of its reproduction was studied. PDI activity was determined on extracellular virions, on the stage of their adsorption to the Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line and inhibition of the viral replication stage by application of two tetra-methylpyridiloxy substituted gallium and zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcMe and GaPcMe) upon 660 nm light exposure with a light-emitting diode (LED 660 nm). The PDI effect was evaluated on extracellular virions and virus adsorption by the terminal dilution method and the change in viral infectivity, which was compared to the untreated control group. The decrease in viral titer (Δlgs) was determined. The effect on the replicative cycle of the virus was determined using the cytopathic effect inhibition (CPE) assay. The direct influence on the virions showed a remarkable effect with a decrease in the viral titer more than 4 (Δlg > 4). The influence of the virus to the cell on the stage of adsorption was also significantly affected by the exposure time and the concentration of applied photosensitizers. A distinct inhibition was evaluated for ZnPcMe at the viral replication stage, which demonstrated a high photoinactivation index (PII = 33.0). This study suggested the high efficacy of PDI with phthalocyanines on HSV-1 virus, with full inhibition caused by the mechanism of singlet oxygen generation. These promising data are a good basis for further investigations on the PDI application against pathogenic viruses.
由于具有快速的治疗效果以及耐药性产生的可能性较低，光动力灭活（PDI）已被证明是一种对抗病毒感染的有效方法。研究了在人单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）维多利亚株繁殖的不同阶段对其感染性的光动力抑制作用。通过应用两种四甲基吡啶氧基取代的镓酞菁和锌酞菁（ZnPcMe和GaPcMe），在660nm发光二极管（LED 660nm）光照下，测定了细胞外病毒粒子、它们吸附到马-达二氏牛肾（MDBK）细胞系阶段以及病毒复制阶段的PDI活性。通过终点稀释法评估细胞外病毒粒子和病毒吸附的PDI效果以及病毒感染性的变化，并与未处理的对照组进行比较。测定病毒滴度的下降（Δlgs）。使用细胞病变效应抑制（CPE）试验确定对病毒复制周期的影响。对病毒粒子的直接影响显示出显著效果，病毒滴度下降超过4（Δlg>4）。病毒在吸附阶段对细胞的影响也受到光照时间和所用光敏剂浓度的显著影响。在病毒复制阶段对ZnPcMe评估出明显的抑制作用，其显示出高光灭活指数（PII = 33.0）。这项研究表明酞菁类物质的PDI对HSV-1病毒具有高效性，通过单线态氧生成机制实现完全抑制。这些有前景的数据是进一步研究PDI对抗致病性病毒应用的良好基础。
