Koenigbauer S T, Cubbage M L, Warren L D, Tellier J M, Selz O M, Sass G G, Höök T O
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, Forestry Building, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Indiana Department of Environmental Management, 2525 Shadeland Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46219, USA.
Biol Lett. 2025 Jan;21(1):20240240. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0240. Epub 2025 Jan 8.
Temperate fishes often spawn in response to environmental cues, such as temperature, thereby facilitating larval emergence concurrent with suitable biotic and abiotic conditions, such as plankton blooms. Climatic changes may alter the reproductive phenology of spring- and autumn-spawning freshwater fish populations. Such effects may depend on the sensitivity of reproductive phenology to ambient temperatures. We applied a meta-analysis approach to test whether annual temperature and year affected fish reproductive phenology. Based on preliminary tests in walleye () and Lake Constance whitefish (), we hypothesized that increasing temperature would promote earlier spring-spawning and later autumn-spawning. We found spawning was significantly earlier in the spring and later in the autumn. We found that migration of autumn-spawning species occurred earlier with warmer temperatures, implying that with increasing temperatures, migrating autumn-spawning species will increase residence time in tributaries. We also found that spring-spawning fishes reproduced earlier in more recent years, while we observed no significant effect in autumn-spawners. Spring- and autumn-spawning fishes displayed interannual variation in spawning dates (mean range of 34.4 and 27.0 days over 33.9 years, respectively), with spring-spawning fishes displaying a significantly broader range in spawning dates.
温带鱼类通常会根据环境线索（如温度）进行产卵，从而使幼体在适宜的生物和非生物条件（如浮游生物大量繁殖）出现时同时孵化。气候变化可能会改变春季和秋季产卵的淡水鱼种群的繁殖物候。这种影响可能取决于繁殖物候对环境温度的敏感性。我们采用荟萃分析方法来检验年温度和年份是否会影响鱼类的繁殖物候。基于对大眼狮鲈（）和康斯坦茨湖白鲑（）的初步测试，我们假设温度升高会促使春季产卵提前，秋季产卵推迟。我们发现春季产卵明显提前，秋季产卵明显推迟。我们还发现，随着温度升高，秋季产卵物种的洄游时间提前，这意味着随着温度升高，洄游的秋季产卵物种在支流中的停留时间将会增加。我们还发现，近年来春季产卵鱼类的繁殖时间提前，而秋季产卵鱼类则没有显著变化。春季和秋季产卵鱼类的产卵日期存在年际变化（在33.9年中的平均变化范围分别为34.4天和27.0天），春季产卵鱼类的产卵日期变化范围明显更大。
