Dixon Everett Hannah, Jones Melissa S, Hoffmann John P
Indiana University Bloomington, USA.
Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2025 Jan 7:8862605241311612. doi: 10.1177/08862605241311612.
Bullying is a persistent social and behavioral problem in the United States. Bullying victimization and perpetration are linked to a host of negative physical, social, and emotional outcomes. Research suggests that a key risk factor for bullying behaviors is adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). On the other hand, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may counter some of the negative effects of ACEs. This study (a) assesses the independent effects of ACEs and PCEs on adolescent bullying victimization and perpetration, and (b) examines whether ACEs and PCEs interact to affect bullying victimization and perpetration.We use data from the 2020 to 2021 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative survey of children ages 0 to 17 in the United States. The analytic sample was limited to children who were 6 years old or older at the time of the survey ( = 60,809). Using caregiver reports of bullying victimization and perpetration, we created a cumulative ACEs scale comprised of 10 items and a cumulative PCEs scale comprised of eight measures. We then estimated a set of logistic regression models to predict bullying behaviors. The results showed that ACEs are associated with a higher likelihood of both bullying victimization and perpetration. Although PCEs have a slight mitigating effect, ACEs and PCEs interact such that even in the presence of PCEs, children with many ACEs still have a higher likelihood of both bullying victimization and perpetration. This highlights the considerable impact of ACEs on bullying behaviors. These findings suggest that enhancing ACE-aware care and ACE prevention is important because even promoting PCEs is unlikely to decrease bullying levels on their own.
在美国，欺凌是一个持续存在的社会和行为问题。遭受欺凌和实施欺凌与一系列负面的身体、社会和情感后果相关联。研究表明，欺凌行为的一个关键风险因素是童年不良经历（ACEs）。另一方面，积极的童年经历（PCEs）可能会抵消ACEs的一些负面影响。本研究（a）评估ACEs和PCEs对青少年遭受欺凌和实施欺凌的独立影响，（b）检验ACEs和PCEs是否相互作用以影响遭受欺凌和实施欺凌的情况。我们使用了2020年至2021年全国儿童健康调查的数据，这是一项对美国0至17岁儿童具有全国代表性的调查。分析样本仅限于调查时年龄在6岁及以上的儿童（n = 60,809）。利用照顾者对遭受欺凌和实施欺凌情况的报告，我们创建了一个由10个项目组成的累积ACEs量表和一个由8项指标组成的累积PCEs量表。然后，我们估计了一组逻辑回归模型来预测欺凌行为。结果表明，ACEs与遭受欺凌和实施欺凌的可能性较高相关。尽管PCEs有轻微的缓解作用，但ACEs和PCEs相互作用，以至于即使存在PCEs，有许多ACEs的儿童遭受欺凌和实施欺凌的可能性仍然较高。这凸显了ACEs对欺凌行为的重大影响。这些发现表明，加强对ACEs的认知护理和预防ACEs很重要，因为即使促进PCEs本身也不太可能降低欺凌水平。
